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The density of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites
| Composites | Experimental density | Theoretical density | Porosity |
|---|---|---|---|
| A (AZ61-Mg alloy) | 1.785 | 1.790 | 1.38 |
| B (AZ61 with 2.5wt% B4C) | 1.801 | 1.824 | 1.24 |
| C (AZ61 with 5wt% B4C) | 1.814 | 1.831 | 1.18 |
| D (AZ61 with 7.5wt% B4C) | 1.826 | 1.840 | 1.07 |
| E (AZ61 with 10wt% B4C) | 1.830 | 1.848 | 1.04 |
Corrosion properties of the AZ61/B4C nanocomposites
| Composites | Icorr | Ecorr | Corrosion rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0.0039751 | −753.15 | 355.37 |
| B | 0.0032398 | −856.25 | 338.70 |
| C | 0.0030175 | −869.60 | 320.96 |
| D | 0.0021956 | −916.36 | 220.47 |
| E | 0.0024096 | −909.77 | 240.36 |
Grey relational grade response table
| Level | Wt% | L (N) | SV (m/s) | SD (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.469 | 5.954 | 5.017 | 4.925 |
| 2 | 5.003 | 6.024 | 5.417 | 5.363 |
| 3 | 3.659 | 4.974 | 5.478 | 5.913 |
| 4 | 7.921 | 4.099 | 5.139 | 4.851 |
| Delta | 4.262 | 1.925 | 0.46 | 1.062 |
| Rank | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
Calculated S/N ratio as well as the normalized S/N ratio
| S/N ratio for wear | S/N ratio for COF | Normalization for wear | Normalization for COF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41.5144 | 6.3391 | 0.874 | 0.000 |
| 42.3837 | 5.5803 | 0.786 | 0.177 |
| 41.2096 | 6.2138 | 0.905 | 0.029 |
| 40.2646 | 5.0207 | 1.000 | 0.307 |
| 46.1961 | 4.4805 | 0.401 | 0.433 |
| 42.4988 | 4.3505 | 0.775 | 0.463 |
| 43.4526 | 3.2862 | 0.678 | 0.711 |
| 42.0585 | 4.6272 | 0.819 | 0.399 |
| 50.1728 | 2.2252 | 0.000 | 0.959 |
| 46.9357 | 3.1603 | 0.327 | 0.741 |
| 45.8486 | 2.3495 | 0.436 | 0.930 |
| 43.3498 | 2.0475 | 0.689 | 1.000 |
| 50.1728 | 4.6569 | 0.000 | 0.392 |
| 48.1787 | 6.1431 | 0.201 | 0.046 |
| 46.3752 | 5.6632 | 0.383 | 0.157 |
| 46.0032 | 4.9437 | 0.421 | 0.325 |
ANOVA for Grey relational grade
| Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F Value | P Value | Contribution % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wt% | 3 | 0.148176 | 0.049392 | 16.67 | 0.022 | 67.19 |
| L (N) | 3 | 0.045723 | 0.015241 | 5.14 | 0.106 | 20.73 |
| SV (m/s) | 3 | 0.001433 | 0.000478 | 0.16 | 0.916 | 0.65 |
| SD (m) | 3 | 0.016302 | 0.005434 | 1.83 | 0.315 | 7.39 |
| Error | 3 | 0.008889 | 0.002963 | |||
| Total | 15 | 0.220523 |
Tensile characteristics of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites
| Composites | Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 158 | 101 | 10.4 |
| B | 166 | 114 | 8.6 |
| C | 178 | 126 | 6.8 |
| D | 194 | 138 | 5.6 |
| E | 182 | 129 | 6.0 |
Calculated deviation sequences for GRC and GRG
| Deviation sequence for wear | Deviation sequence for COF | GRC for wear | GRC for COF | GRG | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.126 | 1.000 | 0.799 | 0.333 | 0.566 | 9 |
| 0.214 | 0.823 | 0.700 | 0.378 | 0.539 | 11 |
| 0.095 | 0.971 | 0.840 | 0.340 | 0.590 | 7 |
| 0.000 | 0.693 | 1.000 | 0.419 | 0.710 | 2 |
| 0.599 | 0.567 | 0.455 | 0.469 | 0.462 | 12 |
| 0.225 | 0.537 | 0.689 | 0.482 | 0.586 | 8 |
| 0.322 | 0.289 | 0.608 | 0.634 | 0.621 | 5 |
| 0.181 | 0.601 | 0.734 | 0.454 | 0.594 | 6 |
| 1.000 | 0.041 | 0.333 | 0.924 | 0.628 | 4 |
| 0.673 | 0.259 | 0.426 | 0.658 | 0.542 | 10 |
| 0.564 | 0.070 | 0.470 | 0.877 | 0.673 | 3 |
| 0.311 | 0.000 | 0.616 | 1.000 | 0.808 | 1 |
| 1.000 | 0.608 | 0.333 | 0.451 | 0.392 | 15 |
| 0.799 | 0.954 | 0.385 | 0.344 | 0.364 | 16 |
| 0.617 | 0.843 | 0.448 | 0.372 | 0.410 | 14 |
| 0.579 | 0.675 | 0.463 | 0.426 | 0.444 | 13 |
Experimental results
| Exp. No. | Wt% B4C | L (N) | SV (m/s) | SD (m) | WR (mm3/m) | COF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 400 | 0.0084 | 0.482 |
| 2 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 800 | 0.0076 | 0.526 |
| 3 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 1200 | 0.0087 | 0.489 |
| 4 | 0 | 16 | 4 | 1600 | 0.0097 | 0.561 |
| 5 | 2.5 | 4 | 2 | 1200 | 0.0049 | 0.597 |
| 6 | 2.5 | 8 | 1 | 1600 | 0.0075 | 0.606 |
| 7 | 2.5 | 12 | 4 | 400 | 0.00672 | 0.685 |
| 8 | 2.5 | 16 | 3 | 800 | 0.00789 | 0.587 |
| 9 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1600 | 0.0031 | 0.774 |
| 10 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 1200 | 0.0045 | 0.695 |
| 11 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 800 | 0.0051 | 0.763 |
| 12 | 5 | 16 | 2 | 400 | 0.0068 | 0.79 |
| 13 | 7.5 | 4 | 4 | 800 | 0.0031 | 0.585 |
| 14 | 7.5 | 8 | 3 | 400 | 0.0039 | 0.493 |
| 15 | 7.5 | 12 | 2 | 1600 | 0.0048 | 0.521 |
| 16 | 7.5 | 16 | 1 | 1200 | 0.00501 | 0.566 |