Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of short aramid fiber on thermoplastic polymers

Arı, Ali; Bayram, Ali; Karahan, Mehmet; Arslan, Orhun

Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of short aramid fiber on thermoplastic polymers

Materials Science-Poland

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

By:

Ali Arı

, Ali Bayram

, Mehmet Karahan

and Orhun Arslan

Open Access

|Aug 2023

Figures & Tables

SEM images of 30 vol% AF reinforced composite surfaces: (a) PP matrix, (b) PE matrix, (c) PA6 matrix, (d) PA12 matrix

SEM images of fractured surfaces of 30 vol% AF-reinforced composites (a) PP matrix, (b) PE matrix, (c) PA6 matrix, (d) PA12 matrix

Three-point bending test results of the composites

Drop weight impact test results of the composites

SEM images of fractured surfaces of 30% AF reinforced composites (a) PP matrix, (b) PE matrix, (c) PA6 matrix, (d) PA12 matrix

(a) S/N ratios for tensile strength, (b) S/N ratio for flexural strength, (c) S/N ratio for dropped weight, (d) S/N ratio for hardness-shore D

Scatter diagrams for assessing the generated regression equations for mechanical properties of composites

Results of ANOVA

For Tensile Test
S/N ratio: 35.75	Average S/N Values
	Degrees of Freedom	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4	Sum of Squares	Variance	F	Content of Contribution (%)
A-Matrix Type	3	34.87	30.84	41.86	38.00	262.44	87.48	84.77	73.68
B-Fiber volume fraction %	3	32.83	35.81	37.73	39.20	90.67	30.22	29.29	25.45
Error	8					8.26	1.03		0.87
Total	14					361.36	118.73
For Three-Point Bend Test
S/N ratio: 35.07	Average S/N Values
	Degrees of Freedom	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 3	Sum of Squares	Variance	F	Content of Contribution (%)
A-Matrix Type	3	32.64	29.86	39.34	38.44	250.54	83.51	346.5	91.56
B-Fiber volume fraction %	3	33.45	34.56	35.67	36.60	22.38	7.46	30.94	8.18
Error	8					1.93	0.24		0.26
Total	14					274.84	91.21
For Drop Weight Test
S/N ratio: 59.97	Average S/N Values
	Degrees of Freedom	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4	Sum of Squares	Variance	F	Content of Contribution (%)
A-Matrix Type	3	57.68	59.76	63.06	59.36	60.84	20.28	25.47	58.62
B-Fiber volume fraction %	3	57.72	59.66	60.33	62.17	40.56	13.52	16.98	39.08
Error	8					6.37	0.80		2.30
Total	14					107.77	34.60
Hardness Test
S/N ratio: 36.44	Average S/N Values
	Degrees of Freedom	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4	Sum of Squares	Variance	F	Content of Contribution (%)
A-Matrix Type	3	36.80	35.03	37.27	36.66	11.41	3.80	73.58	80.25
B-Fiber volume fraction %	3	35.75	36.55	36.68	36.78	2.65	0.88	17.11	18.66
Error	8					0.41	0.05		1.09
Total	14					14.48	4.74

Experimental design

Experiment No.	A-Matrix Type	B-Fiber volume fraction %
1	1	1
2	2	1
3	3	1
4	4	1
5	1	2
6	1	3
7	1	4
8	2	2
9	2	3
10	2	4
11	3	2
12	3	3
13	3	4
14	4	2
15	4	3
16	4	4

S/N ratios of experimental results

Experiment No	Tensile strength (MPa)	S/N	Flexural strength (MPa)	S/N	Maximum force in drop weight (N)	S/N	Hardness Shore D	S/N
1	38	31.60	32	30.10	580.46	55.28	65	36.26
2	19	25.58	27	28.63	672.48	56.55	50	33.98
3	85	38.59	81	38.17	1189.23	61.51	70	36.90
4	60	35.56	70	36.90	752.70	57.53	62	35.85
5	54.39	34.71	41.98	32.46	698.43	56.88	69	36.76
6	63.07	36.00	46.58	33.36	738.55	57.37	71	36.96
7	72.16	37.17	53.79	34.61	1149.10	61.21	72	37.19
8	36.97	31.36	30.02	29.55	941.47	59.48	59	35.34
9	42.33	32.53	32.55	30.25	1111.40	60.92	59	35.36
10	49.48	33.89	35.57	31.02	1274.20	62.10	59	35.43
11	103.18	40.27	84.65	38.55	1356.80	62.65	74	37.34
12	153.27	43.71	98.3	39.85	1451.10	63.23	74	37.41
13	174.90	44.86	109.3	40.77	1750.80	64.86	74	37.42
14	69.90	36.89	76.47	37.67	957.99	59.63	69	36.75
15	85.73	38.66	91.15	39.20	976.86	59.80	71	36.99
16	110.60	40.88	100.1	40.01	1059.40	60.50	71	37.06

Regression equations for predicting the mechanical properties of composites

Property	Regression Conditions W (Fiber volume fraction)	P (Strength parameter)	Regression Equation
Tensile	W1=1, W2=2,W3=3, W4=4	P1=19, P2=38, P3=85,P4=60	y(W, P) =1.129898 ·W^0.5408653, p^0.9532715
Three-point bending	W1=1, W2=2,W3=3, W4=4	P1=32, P2=27, P3=81, P4=70	y(W, P) =1.408406·W^0.2568704·p^0.9089538
Drop weight	W1=1, W2=2,W3=3, W4=4	P1=580.46, P2=672.48, P3=1189.23, P4=752.70	y(W, P) =4.797744·W^0.3307587·p^0.7647516
Hardness	W1=1, W2=2,W3=3, W4=4	P1=65, P2=50, P3=70, P4=62	y(W, P) =2.814354·W^0.798804·P^0.7526531

Experiment factors and levels

Factors	1. Level	2. Level	3. Level	4. Level
A-Matrix	PP	PE	PA6	PA12
Type
B-Fiber volume fraction %	0*	10	20	30

Mechanical properties of materials

Materials	Density (kg/m³)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Elastic Modulus (GPa)	Types	Producers
PP	0.9	38	1.2	EH251	Petkim
PE	0.95	24	1	High density, B00552	Petkim
PA6	1.13	85	2	F223-D	Akulon
PA12	1.02	60	1.5	AMN Black T6LD	Arkema Rilsamid
AF	1.44	2800	60	Short-cut fiber	Twaron

Surface energies of polymers and aramid fiber

Materials	Surface Energy (mN/m)	References
PP	30–31	[33–36]
PE	30-31	[33–36]
PA6	38	[33, 35]
PA12	36	[33, 35, 36]
AF	51	[37, 38]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331

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Language: English

Page range: 161 - 176

Submitted on: Jan 13, 2023

Accepted on: May 5, 2023

Published on: Aug 14, 2023

Published by: Sciendo

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

aramid fiber,

polymer-matrix composites,

mechanical properties,

ANOVA,

regression

Related subjects:

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Nanomaterials,

Functional and smart materials,

Materials characterization and properties

© 2023 Ali Arı, Ali Bayram, Mehmet Karahan, Orhun Arslan, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of short aramid fiber on thermoplastic polymers

Figures & Tables

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Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Results of ANOVA

Experimental design

S/N ratios of experimental results

Regression equations for predicting the mechanical properties of composites

Experiment factors and levels

Mechanical properties of materials

Surface energies of polymers and aramid fiber

Paradigm

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