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Technology for improving modern polymer composite materials Cover

Technology for improving modern polymer composite materials

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 40 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)
By: ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Dec 2022
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Classification of modifying additives for bitumen

Modifying additivePlasticizingStructuringAdhesiveTemperature improvers
Polyimproved compoundsLM+
PV++
LMWP++
BSC++
DST++
PVB++
PPR+
R + HPT+++
LMWAA-A+++
LMWAA-B+++
SurfactantsDEG+++
TEG+++
MEA++
DEA+++
BSU++
Additive adhesive BP-3M++
ORSK-superplasticizer+

[i] BSC, butadiene–styrene caoutchouc; BSU, butadiene–styrene; DEA, diethanolamine; DEG, diethylene glycol; DST, divinyl styrene; LM, low molecular; LMWAA-A, low-molecular weight antifreeze additive A; LMWAA-B, low-molecular weight antifreeze additive B; LMWP, low-molecular weight polyethylene; MEA, monoethylamine; PPR, petroleum–polymer resin; PV, polyvinyl; PVB, polyvinyl butyral; R + HPT, waste rubber and heavy pyrolysis tar

Table 2

Properties of CNT made of fly ash

IndicatorPhysical and mechanical properties of fiber of fly ash
Average fiber diameter, μm1–15.0
Non-fibrous additives, %2–3
Density, g/cm32.65
Temperature, °C−269 to +700
Water resistance, %99.6
Chemical resistance, %93.4 77.3 98.5
0.5H NaOH
2H NaOH
2H H2SO4
Hygroscopicity, %≤ 1.0
Mechanical strength, MPa4,100
Modulus of elasticity, MPa120
Elongation at break, %3.1

[i] CNT, carbon nanotube

Fig. 1

Standard CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes

Fig. 2

Agglomerates of ML CNTs obtained by the CCVD method. ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes

Table 3

Composition of rubber and CNT

SampleNR, gBR9000, gCNT, % (by weight of rubber)CNT, gN220, g
S-01,33022400666.4
S-1*1,3302240.659.7656.7
S-2**1,3302240.659.7656.7
S-31,3302242.538.8627.6
S-41,3302241.2519.4647
S-51,3302240.659.7656.7
S-61,3302240.3254.8661.6
S-81,3302240.162.4664
S-9***1,3302240.659.7656.7
S-71,33022420310.80

CNT, carbon nanotube.

* –soot and CNT dispersions were prepared separately (for each 10 min of ultrasonic dispersion) and then mixed.

** –soot was simply mixed with CNTs in a dry form (without dispersion).

*** –spraying according to the standard scheme, but with the addition of rosin to alcohol (0.5 mass parts = 7 g)

Fig. 3

Comparison of particle sizes determined by laser scanning and the method of statistical processing of microphotographs (— laser scanning, -•-•- microphotographs statistics): (A) starting catalyst particles and (B) ML CNT agglomerates. ML CNT, multilayer carbon nanotube

Fig. 4

Scheme for obtaining composite polymers filled with CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes; ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes

Table 4

Measured data of the experimental results

SampleHardness, A, relative unitsBoundary tensile strength, MPaRelative elongation at break, %Break, %
S06121.819.753948612.86312.043
18.347910.534
19.748312.043
20.250413.337
19.348610.416
S16324.623.44704836.9838.384
23.44908.384
23.648311.762
22.94949.653
22.74486.867
S26522.322.34494787.2869.53
22.448710.289
23.149210.079
22.44788.686
22.34299.53
S3622220.54854869.0899.089
21.14786.74
20.54869.576
19.949911.099
19.74948.991
S46323.424.24715019.3997.52
24.55026.896
24.65197.52
22.84657.832
24.25016.283
S56224.523.6503491\8.1
22.74708.693
245118.259
23.14807.541
23.64917.899
S66524.923.65145147.4267.426
24.45208.298
23.64767.612
23.75386.513
23.75077.393
S86524.524.44874769.4848.997
24.84936.696
24.44468.997
24.24766.521
23.845210.213
S96624.122.65565058.61511.319
22.648913.937
21.946211.319
22.451911.497
22.850511.274
Fig. 5

Dependence of the elongation at break of the butadiene–nitrile composite on the MWCNT content

Table 5

Results of the study on aging and wear resistance

SamplesS0S1S2S3S4S5S6S8S9
Vulcanization 150°C×30′
Hardness A, rel.un.616365626362656561
Boundary tensile strength, MPa19.723.422.420.524.223.623.624.422.6
Relative elongation at break, %486483478486501491514476505
100°C*168 h Aging
Hardness A, rel.un.626568646762676465
Boundary tensile strength, MPa12.414.214.212.315.914.616.716.413.7
Relative elongation at break, %349314295326332338357326339
Wear resistance, J/mm398102100949210310093105

[i] Test results correspond to GOST 27674-88

Table 6

Sample test results

MWCNT, wt.%Breaking strength, MPaElongation at break, %Compressive strength, MPaShore hardness, c.od.
019.74861261
0.1624.4476965
0.32523.65147.465
0.6523.64918.162
1.2524.25017.563
2.520.54869.162
Table 7

Physical and mechanical characteristics of bitumen (original and modified)

Bitumen 90/130 with additive, wt.%Temperature, °CPlasticity interval, PaNeedle penetration depth at 25°C/0°C, 0.1 mmStretch at 25°C/0°C, cmElasticity at 25°C, %Surface grip
Fragility to FraasuSoftening according to KiSh
0−214465124/2957/5.65Fair
2−254772126/3278/1827Good
3−314879128/3586/2846Excellent
4−375289130/42?100/3457Excellent
8−245478162/8377/3328Fair
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 27 - 41
Submitted on: Jun 28, 2022
Accepted on: Oct 28, 2022
Published on: Dec 31, 2022
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
polymer,
composite materials,
production technology,
bitumen,
nanomaterials
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2022 Shilin Yang, Andrii Bieliatynskyi, Viacheslav Trachevskyi, Meiyu Shao, Mingyang Ta, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 40 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)
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