Technology for improving modern polymer composite materials

Figures & Tables

Bitumen 90/130 with additive, wt.%	Temperature, °C		Plasticity interval, Pa	Needle penetration depth at 25°C/0°C, 0.1 mm	Stretch at 25°C/0°C, cm	Elasticity at 25°C, %	Surface grip

	Fragility to Fraasu	Softening according to KiSh
0	−21	44	65	124/29	57/5.6	5	Fair
2	−25	47	72	126/32	78/18	27	Good
3	−31	48	79	128/35	86/28	46	Excellent
4	−37	52	89	130/42	?100/34	57	Excellent
8	−24	54	78	162/83	77/33	28	Fair

Indicator	Physical and mechanical properties of fiber of fly ash
Average fiber diameter, μm	1–15.0
Non-fibrous additives, %	2–3
Density, g/cm³	2.65
Temperature, °C	−269 to +700
Water resistance, %	99.6
Chemical resistance, %	93.4 77.3 98.5
0.5H NaOH
2H NaOH
2H H₂SO₄
Hygroscopicity, %	≤ 1.0
Mechanical strength, MPa	4,100
Modulus of elasticity, MPa	120
Elongation at break, %	3.1

Sample	NR, g	BR9000, g	CNT, % (by weight of rubber)	CNT, g	N220, g
S-0	1,330	224	0	0	666.4
S-1*	1,330	224	0.65	9.7	656.7
S-2**	1,330	224	0.65	9.7	656.7
S-3	1,330	224	2.5	38.8	627.6
S-4	1,330	224	1.25	19.4	647
S-5	1,330	224	0.65	9.7	656.7
S-6	1,330	224	0.325	4.8	661.6
S-8	1,330	224	0.16	2.4	664
S-9***	1,330	224	0.65	9.7	656.7
S-7	1,330	224	20	310.8	0

Modifying additive	Plasticizing		Structuring	Adhesive	Temperature improvers
Polyimproved compounds	LM	+
	PV		+		+
	LMWP	+			+
	BSC		+		+
	DST	+		+
	PVB		+		+
	PPR	+
	R + HPT	+		+	+
	LMWAA-A		+	+	+
	LMWAA-B		+	+	+
Surfactants	DEG	+		+	+
	TEG	+		+	+
	MEA	+		+
	DEA	+		+	+
	BSU	+		+
	Additive adhesive BP-3M	+		+
	ORSK-superplasticizer		+

Samples	S0	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S8	S9
Vulcanization 150°C×30′
Hardness A, rel.un.	61	63	65	62	63	62	65	65	61
Boundary tensile strength, MPa	19.7	23.4	22.4	20.5	24.2	23.6	23.6	24.4	22.6
Relative elongation at break, %	486	483	478	486	501	491	514	476	505

100°C*168 h Aging
Hardness A, rel.un.	62	65	68	64	67	62	67	64	65
Boundary tensile strength, MPa	12.4	14.2	14.2	12.3	15.9	14.6	16.7	16.4	13.7
Relative elongation at break, %	349	314	295	326	332	338	357	326	339

Wear resistance, J/mm³	98	102	100	94	92	103	100	93	105

MWCNT, wt.%	Breaking strength, MPa	Elongation at break, %	Compressive strength, MPa	Shore hardness, c.od.
0	19.7	486	12	61
0.16	24.4	476	9	65
0.325	23.6	514	7.4	65
0.65	23.6	491	8.1	62
1.25	24.2	501	7.5	63
2.5	20.5	486	9.1	62

Sample	Hardness, A, relative units	Boundary tensile strength, MPa		Relative elongation at break, %		Break, %
S₀	61	21.8	19.7	539	486	12.863	12.043
		18.3		479		10.534
		19.7		483		12.043
		20.2		504		13.337
		19.3		486		10.416

S₁	63	24.6	23.4	470	483	6.983	8.384
		23.4		490		8.384
		23.6		483		11.762
		22.9		494		9.653
		22.7		448		6.867

S₂	65	22.3	22.3	449	478	7.286	9.53
		22.4		487		10.289
		23.1		492		10.079
		22.4		478		8.686
		22.3		429		9.53

S₃	62	22	20.5	485	486	9.089	9.089
		21.1		478		6.74
		20.5		486		9.576
		19.9		499		11.099
		19.7		494		8.991

S₄	63	23.4	24.2	471	501	9.399	7.52
		24.5		502		6.896
		24.6		519		7.52
		22.8		465		7.832
		24.2		501		6.283

S₅	62	24.5	23.6	503	491	\	8.1
		22.7		470		8.693
		24		511		8.259
		23.1		480		7.541
		23.6		491		7.899

S₆	65	24.9	23.6	514	514	7.426	7.426
		24.4		520		8.298
		23.6		476		7.612
		23.7		538		6.513
		23.7		507		7.393

S₈	65	24.5	24.4	487	476	9.484	8.997
		24.8		493		6.696
		24.4		446		8.997
		24.2		476		6.521
		23.8		452		10.213

S₉	66	24.1	22.6	556	505	8.615	11.319
		22.6		489		13.937
		21.9		462		11.319
		22.4		519		11.497
		22.8		505		11.274