Physico-mechanical properties, structure, and phase composition of (BeO + TiO2)-ceramics containing TiO2 nanoparticles (0.1–2.0 wt.%)

Characteristic, batch number		b 67
Bulk density, ρ_o × 10³ kg/m³		0.77
Specific surface S, cm²/g		11,000
Moisture, wt.%		0.08
Element-by-element impurities content, wt.%	Boron	1.7 × 10⁻⁵
	Silicon	7.3 × 10⁻³
	Manganese	8.2 × 10⁻⁴
	Ferrum	5.1 × 10⁻²
	Magnesium	5.2 × 10⁻³
	Chromium	1.0 × 10⁻²
	Nickel	1.1 × 10⁻²
	Aluminum	3.2 × 10⁻²
	Copper	8.0 × 10⁻⁴
	Zinc	7.5 × 10⁻³
	Calcium	4.2 × 10⁻³
	Silver	1.1 × 10⁻⁵
	Cadmium	1.2 × 10⁻⁵
	Lithium	6.7 × 10⁻⁴
	Natrium	8.7 × 10⁻³
Amount of impurities, wt.%		0.14

Micrographs of beryllium oxide powder crystals, with a specific surface of 11,000 cm²/g. (A) 2,000× magnification; (B) 500× magnification

Table 2

Main characteristics of the TiO₂ micron powder used

TC requirements, %	Analysis results
1	Mass fraction of titanium dioxide, %, no less	99	99.5
2	Mass fraction of rutile form, %, no less	97	100
3	Mass fraction of iron compounds in terms of Fe₂O₃, %, no more	0.08	0.05
4	Mass fraction of phosphorus compounds in terms of P₂O₅, %, no more	0.03	0.03
5	Mass fraction of sulfur compounds in terms of SiO₃, %, no more	0.03	0.01
6	Mass fraction for silicon compounds in terms of SiO₂, %, no more	0.15	0.15
7	Mass fraction of “metallic iron”, %, no more	0.02	0.01
8	Specific surface, cm²/g, within	3,300–4,600	4,060

Micrographs of micron titanium dioxide powders. (A) 5× magnification; (B) 20× magnification

Micrograph of TiO₂ nanoparticles obtained through the electric explosion of a conductor. (A) 400× magnification; (B) 100× magnification

Table 3

Change in apparent density from the sintering temperature of (BeO + TiO₂)-ceramics with the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles within 0.1–2.0 wt.%

Batch No.	Sintering temperature, °C	Composition of the ceramics	Density, g/cm³
BT-30	1,530	$BeO + 30.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m}$	3.2
B1	1,520	$BeO + 29.9 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.1 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.11
		$BeO + 29.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.13
		$BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.15
		$BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.15
		$BeO + 28.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 2.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.16
B2		$BeO + 29.9 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.1 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 29.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 28.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 2.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
B3		$BeO + 29.9 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.1 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 29.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 28.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 2.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
B4		$BeO + 29.9 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.1 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 29.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 0.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22
		$BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.23
		$BeO + 28.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 2.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$	3.22

Appearance of blanks sintered at 1,550°C, which are made, respectively, of ceramic to which TiO₂ nanoparticles (1.0%) have been added and serial ceramic BT-30 material

Table 4

Water absorption, and open, total, and closed porosities of BeO ceramics, depending on the content of ${TiO}_{2}^{nano}$ (0.1%–2.0%)

Batch No.	Water absorption, %	Porosity, %
Batch No.	Water absorption, %	Open	Total	Closed
BT-30	0.03	0.10	7.076	6.977
B1	0.06	0.187	5.92	5.73
B2	0.05	0.165	5.329	5.164
B3	0.07	0.211	5.329	5.118
B4	0.06	0.186	5.031	4.845
B5	0.07	0.217	4.126	3.909

Graph indicating the dependence of the change in the microhardness of samples on the content of nanoparticles (0.1%–2.0%)

Microstructure of BT-30 ceramic sample (BeO + 30 wt.% TiO₂) obtained from the initial BeO and TiO₂ powders having micron sizes: light – TiO₂; dark – BeO. (A) Magnification 300×; (B) Magnification 900×

Distribution of particle by size and quantity. Microstructure of BT-30 ceramics

Evolution of the microstructure of ceramics having a composition of $BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$ under the influence of various temperatures

Distribution of particle by size and quantity. Microstructure of $BeO + 29.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.0 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$ ceramics. T= 1,550°C

Maps of phase distribution in ceramics of composition $BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$ . T= 1,550°C

Point energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the grain structure of $BeO + 28.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{μ m} + 1.5 % {TiO}_{2}^{nano}$ ceramics. T = 1,550°C

X-ray diffraction patterns of the studied ceramics

The concentration of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases in the studied ceramics, depending on the number of introduced TiO₂ nanoparticles at the sintering temperature of T = 1,550°C

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331

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Language: English

Page range: 626 - 638

Submitted on: Dec 7, 2021

Accepted on: Apr 2, 2022

Published on: May 16, 2022

Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

physico-mechanical properties

Related subjects:

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Nanomaterials,

Functional and smart materials,

Materials characterization and properties

© 2022 Alexandr Pavlov, Zhuldyz Sagdoldina, Askar Kassymov, Ainur Seitkanova, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Aidar Kengesbekov, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 39 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Physico-mechanical properties, structure, and phase composition of (BeO + TiO2)-ceramics containing TiO2 nanoparticles (0.1–2.0 wt.%)

Figures & Tables

Table 1

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Table 2

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Table 3

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Table 4

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