Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

XRF analysis of as synthesized spinel ZnFe2O4 nanocrystallites
| Elements | ZnO | Fe2O3 | MnO | CaO | CuO | NiO | Sc2O3 | Cr2O3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition (%) | 33.377 | 66.157 | 0.280 | 0.072 | 0.071 | 0.025 | 0.014 | 0.002 |
PCE of spinel ZnFe2O4 nanocrystallites coated and uncoated PSSCs_
| Solar cell | Jsc (mA/cm2) | Voc (V) | Fill factor (%) | Efficiency η (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. cell | 32.1 | 0.625 | 76 | 15.24 |
| L1 | 33.6 | 0.636 | 76.4 | 16.37 |
| L2 | 37.71 | 0.641 | 77.1 | 18.63 |
| L3 | 39.30 | 0.652 | 78.2 | 20.03 |
| L4 | 38.5 | 0.651 | 77.5 | 19.39 |
Average crystallite sizes of ZnFe2O4 sample determined from various diffraction lines
| 2 Theta | FWHM | Crystallite Size D (nm) |
|---|---|---|
| 32.8560 | 0.1407 | 58.86575 |
| 34.6856 | 0.2047 | 40.65779 |
| 36.4940 | 0.1919 | 43.58997 |
| 43.0009 | 0.1791 | 47.67414 |
| 47.7918 | 0.1023 | 84.93736 |
| 56.4434 | 0.1279 | 70.49320 |
| 63.0784 | 0.0895 | 104.1472 |
| 68.3362 | 0.1023 | 93.85715 |