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Institutional leadership and regional contagion: Causal drivers of European research performance in the education sector Cover

Institutional leadership and regional contagion: Causal drivers of European research performance in the education sector

Management & Marketing
Volume 20 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
By: Bogdan-Paul Saftiuc,  Cosmin Adrian Proșcanu and  Cosmin Teodorescu  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Choropleth map illustrating the number of unique projects per country. Darker blue indicates a higher volume of projects.
Choropleth map illustrating the number of unique projects per country. Darker blue indicates a higher volume of projects.

Descriptive statistics of project participation across European countries_

StatisticValue
Count27
Minimum30
Maximum3,317
Range3,287
Sum24,273
Mean value899
Median545
Standard deviation939.734169
Variance883100.3077
Skewness1.245422
Kurtosis0.574866
Coefficient of variation1.045311
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2025-0021 | Journal eISSN: 2069-8887 | Journal ISSN: 1842-0206
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Language: English
Page range: 52 - 59
Submitted on: Nov 2, 2025
|
Accepted on: Dec 1, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 31, 2025
Published by: Society for Business Excellence
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Causal inference,
Horizon Europe,
HES,
Spillover effects,
Regional innovation systems,
DoWhy,
Matthew effect,
Causal machine learning
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Marketing, sales, customer relations,
Management, organization, corporate governance,
Business development, change management, cooperation,
Entrepreneurship

© 2025 Bogdan-Paul Saftiuc, Cosmin Adrian Proșcanu, Cosmin Teodorescu, published by Society for Business Excellence
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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