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A unique World War II battlefield artifact fused to a beach deposit Cover

A unique World War II battlefield artifact fused to a beach deposit

Open Access
|Aug 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

(A) Map of the Baltic Sea with marked Kołobrzeg location. (B) A site on the Kołobrzeg beach where the specimen was found.
(A) Map of the Baltic Sea with marked Kołobrzeg location. (B) A site on the Kołobrzeg beach where the specimen was found.

Figure 2.

Major components of a bullet.
Major components of a bullet.

Figure 3.

(A) Macrophotograph of the worn machine gun bullet embedded in a conglomeratic Fe/Mn-rich quartz-limestone sandstone bound to a semi-rounded micritic limestone pebble (+HCl). Specimen microphotographs: (B) upper part of the worn bullet encircled by a sintered Fe/Mn-rich halo, (C) a fragment of the bullet-sandstone boundary with a distinct Fe/Mn-rich streak, (D) a ferruginous sandstone (center) in direct contact with a limestone pebble (left) and a bullet fragment (right).
(A) Macrophotograph of the worn machine gun bullet embedded in a conglomeratic Fe/Mn-rich quartz-limestone sandstone bound to a semi-rounded micritic limestone pebble (+HCl). Specimen microphotographs: (B) upper part of the worn bullet encircled by a sintered Fe/Mn-rich halo, (C) a fragment of the bullet-sandstone boundary with a distinct Fe/Mn-rich streak, (D) a ferruginous sandstone (center) in direct contact with a limestone pebble (left) and a bullet fragment (right).

Figure 4.

(A) Macrophotograph of a ferruginous limestone pebble in direct contact with a conglomeratic sandstone. (B) Microphotograph showing a more detailed microtextural relationship between the conglomeratic sandstone and the limestone pebble; note that the yellow ferruginous streak separates these two petrographic components, which may also point to heating.
(A) Macrophotograph of a ferruginous limestone pebble in direct contact with a conglomeratic sandstone. (B) Microphotograph showing a more detailed microtextural relationship between the conglomeratic sandstone and the limestone pebble; note that the yellow ferruginous streak separates these two petrographic components, which may also point to heating.

Concentrations of elements in three different parts of the sample (in mg/kg, otherwise indicated as %)_

PartBaCaCuFeKMnSSiTiZn
L320 ± 6036.3 ± 0.2%68 ± 141.24 ± 0.02%3642 ± 177338 ± 561217 ± 892.41 ± 0.09%413 ± 81104 ± 10
S315 ± 6314.6 ± 0.1%90 ± 178.37 ± 0.07%4203 ± 2301959 ± 1128041 ± 13614.5 ± 0.19%2228 ± 106112 ± 12
B380 ± 1996284 ± 51967.0 ± 1.6%2.56 ± 0.03%405 ± 195314 ± 979970 ± 4181.70 ± 0.06%279 ± 657.78 ± 02%

CRM NIST 27280 hard rock mine waste

Certified9931950215.52.78%3.38%4621.26%31%69902570
Determined973 ± 381950 ± 99177 ± 162.22 ± 0.2%3.31 ± 0.1%434 ± 581.10 ± 0.1%27 ± 0.1%6710 ± 1022082 ± 37
Recovery98%100%82%80%98%94%85%86%96%81%
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2025-0007 | Journal eISSN: 1899-8526 | Journal ISSN: 1899-8291
Language: English
Page range: 52 - 57
Submitted on: Jan 17, 2025
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Accepted on: Jul 3, 2025
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Published on: Aug 22, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Agnieszka Gałuszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, published by Mineralogical Society of Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.