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Selected Aspects of Collaboration Among Polish Enterprises in Terms of Innovation Activity Cover

Selected Aspects of Collaboration Among Polish Enterprises in Terms of Innovation Activity

By: Jerzy BarukORCID  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Enterprises cooperating under a cluster initiative in 2016–2022, by number of employees_

SpecificationPercentage of industrial and service enterprises active in innovation in the years:
2016–20182017–20192020–2022
in percentage
Industrial enterprise sector
Total enterprises:3.53.22.8
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees2.31.91.4
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees5.75.85.1
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees10.110.611.9
Service business sector
Total enterprises:2.52.51.5
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees1.92.11.0
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees4.74.13.1
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees8.26.06.2

Proportion of innovative enterprises among the total number of industrial and service enterprises_

SpecificationPercentage shares in years
2016201720182019202020212022
in percentage
Share of innovative enterprises in the total number of industrial enterprises18.718.524.018.931.422.032.2
Share of innovative enterprises in the total number of service enterprises13.610.419.611.930.819.732.1
Percentage of industrial enterprises that cooperated in the field of innovation activities6.75.86.65.18.66.09.1
Percentage of industrial enterprises active in innovation, cooperating in the framework of a cluster initiative or in other formalized types of cooperation10.18.721.020.514.312.810.4

Innovatively active enterprises in 2014–2022_

SpecificationPercentage of industrial and service enterprises active in innovation in the years:
2014–20162017–20192020–2022
in percentage
Percentage of industrial enterprises
Total enterprises:20.321.736.1
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees12.513.627.5
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees35.637.753.9
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees61.564.378.0
Percentage of service enterprises
Total enterprises:14.513.734.2
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees11.810.831.0
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees23.624.243.9
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees44.048.367.1

Innovatively active industrial enterprises that cooperated with individual partners in the field of innovative activities in the years 2016–2022_

Cooperation partnersPercentage of industrial enterprises that engaged in innovation-related collaboration in the years:

2016–20182017–20192020–2022

in percentage

Companies from outside the company’s own group:
  - from Poland22.567.671.8
  - from EU and EFTA countries6.734.628.0
  - from other countries2.613.612.2

Companies belonging to their own group of companies:
  - from Poland31.429.517.0
  - from EU and EFTA countries15.217.515.9
  - from other countries4.75.45.4

Higher education institutions:
  - from Poland47.755.638.7
  - from EU and EFTA countries2.94.22.6
  - from other countries0.60.50.4

Public research institutes (including the Polish Academy of Sciences):
  - from Poland33.833.225.7
  - from EU and EFTA countries2.12.52.1
  - from other countries0.50.40.7

Public sector entities:
  - from Poland11.910.710.4
  - from EU and EFTA countries0.90.90.7
  - from other countries0.40.40.2

Non-profit organizations:
  - from Poland5.85.86.6
  - from EU and EFTA countries0.40.40.6
  - from other countries0.60.20.9

Innovatively active service enterprises that cooperated with individual partners in the field of innovative activities in the years 2016–2022_

Cooperation partnersPercentage of service enterprises that engaged in innovation-related collaboration in the years:

2016–20182017–20192020–2022

in percentage

Companies from outside the company’s own group:
  - from Poland25.270.571.4
  - from EU and EFTA countries5.625.022.9
  - from other countries2.912.19.7

Companies belonging to their own group of companies:
  - from Poland38.526.917.4
  - from EU and EFTA countries18.317.018.4
  - from other countries8.07.89.3

Higher education institutions:
  - from Poland46.443.125.9
  - from EU and EFTA countries3.76.62.4
  - from other countries0.42.50.8

Public research institutes (including the Polish Academy of Sciences):
  - from Poland20.630.713.5
  - from EU and EFTA countries1.03.71.3
  - from other countries0.50.90.3

Public sector entities:
  - from Poland12.19.611.6
  - from EU and EFTA countries0.91.90.9
  - from other countries0.40.60.3

Non-profit organizations:
  - from Poland8.67.27.3
  - from EU and EFTA countries0.30.50.5
  - from other countries0.41.40.6

Innovatively active enterprises that engaged in innovation-related collaboration in 2016–2022 in the field of innovative activities_

SpecificationPercentage of industrial and service enterprises engaging in innovation-related collaboration in the years:
2014–20162017–20192020–2022
in percentage
Percentage of industrial enterprises
Total enterprises:32.823.424.7
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees25.615.417.3
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees33.724.327.9
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees50.843.450.3
Percentage of service enterprises
Total enterprises:26.918.522.2
  Small enterprises, 10–49 employees21.916.318.2
  Medium-sized enterprises, 50–249 employees34.421.731.8
  Large enterprises, 250 or more employees44.425.838.6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/minib-2025-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2353-8414 | Journal ISSN: 2353-8503
Language: English
Page range: 17 - 38
Submitted on: Aug 1, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 27, 2025
Published on: Mar 28, 2025
Published by: Institute of Aviation
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Jerzy Baruk, published by Institute of Aviation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.