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Attitudes of Generation Z students towards partnerships in light of the second demographic transition theory: An example of students from Kielce Cover

Attitudes of Generation Z students towards partnerships in light of the second demographic transition theory: An example of students from Kielce

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Comparative summary of response variability by respondent group

CategoryStrongly disagree (%)Somewhat disagree (%)Neither agree nor disagree (%)Somewhat agree (%)Strongly agree (%)Likert scale meanStandard deviation
S1 - Partnerships should be formalized through civil or religious marriage
Genderwomen2.033.735.7616.6171.864.520.91
men1.8011.3816.1729.9440.723.961.09
Financial situationpoor0.000.0010.5326.3263.164.500.67
average3.258.4412.3420.7855.194.161.13
good1.655.357.8222.2262.964.400.96
very good0.008.708.7017.3965.224.440.90
Parent's educationprimary8.338.338.3325.0050.004.001.29
vocational1.711.714.2717.9574.364.610.79
secondary0.626.799.2624.0759.264.350.94
higher2.559.5513.3821.6652.874.131.12
Total1.956.499.5221.4360.614.321.01
S2 – Divorce is acceptable
Genderwomen25.4229.4918.9810.8515.252.611.37
men31.1426.9520.968.3812.572.441.33
Financial situationpoor31.5826.3221.0510.5310.532.441.31
average31.8223.3823.389.7411.692.451.33
good24.6932.5118.529.4714.812.581.34
very good26.0926.0913.0413.0421.742.821.48
Parent's educationprimary37.5020.8320.834.1716.672.301.34
vocational22.2229.9123.089.4015.382.651.33
secondary25.9327.7820.9911.7313.582.601.34
higher31.8529.9415.928.9213.382.431.36
Total27.4928.5719.709.9614.292.551.36
S3 - The functioning of alternative forms of partnerships (cohabitation) is acceptable
Genderwomen8.8110.5118.6425.0836.953.701.30
men13.7712.5717.3725.7530.543.471.39
Financial situationpoor5.2610.5315.7931.5836.843.831.18
average14.2914.2914.2925.3231.823.451.42
good8.649.4720.9925.9334.983.701.27
very good10.8710.8717.3919.5741.303.761.32
Parent's educationprimary12.5025.0012.5025.0025.003.351.31
vocational8.558.5517.9528.2136.753.751.26
secondary8.0212.9617.9025.3135.803.691.29
higher14.019.5519.7523.5733.123.521.39
Total10.6111.2618.1825.3234.633.621.33

Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents

FeatureNumber of respondentsPercentage (%)
Gender
Women29563.9
Men16736.1
Financial situation
Poor194.1
Average15433.3
Good24352.6
Very good4610.0
Selected parent's education
Primary245.2
Vocational11725.4
Secondary16235.2
Higher15734.1

Results of the verification of null hypotheses regarding the functioning of formal and informal partnerships against the socio-economic characteristics of respondents

StatementS1S2S3
CategoryCritical value of the Student's t-test (k); Significance level- 0.05; m=3Empirical value of the Student's t-test
Overall1.9627.95−7.109.97
GenderWomen1.9728.72−4.899.38
Men1.9811.52−5.414.36
Financial situationPoor2.19.51−1.802.99
Average1.9812.68−5.113.93
Good1.9722.74−4.888.56
Very good2.0110.79−0.813.84
Selected parent's educationPrimary2.073.71−2.501.27
Vocational1.9821.90−2.876.41
Secondary1.9718.11−3.776.80
Higher1.9712.68−5.244.65
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2025-0035 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046
Language: English
Page range: 247 - 256
Submitted on: Apr 24, 2025
Accepted on: Jun 16, 2025
Published on: Sep 4, 2025
Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Wioletta Kamińska, Mirosław Mularczyk, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.