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Thermal and precipitation variability across four seasons in Poland (1951–2020) Cover

Thermal and precipitation variability across four seasons in Poland (1951–2020)

Miscellanea Geographica
Volume 28 (2024): Issue 3 (July 2024)
By: Małgorzata Szwed and  Kamila Wasielewska  
Open Access
|Jul 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Location of the analysed meteorological stations.
Location of the analysed meteorological stations.

Figure 2.

Duration of thermal spring for nine selected stations [days]Source: own study
Duration of thermal spring for nine selected stations [days]Source: own study

Figure 3.

The mean values of seasonal air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study
The mean values of seasonal air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study

Figure 4.

The mean values of spring air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study
The mean values of spring air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study

Figure 5.

The mean values of autumn air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study
The mean values of autumn air temperatures in 1951–2020 [°C]Source: own study

Figure 6.

The seasonal sum of precipitation for 1952–2020 [mm] Source: own study
The seasonal sum of precipitation for 1952–2020 [mm] Source: own study

Figure 7.

The seasonal sum of winter precipitation in 1952–2020 [mm]Source: own study
The seasonal sum of winter precipitation in 1952–2020 [mm]Source: own study

Figure 8.

The seasonal sum of spring precipitation in 1951–2020 [mm]Source: own study
The seasonal sum of spring precipitation in 1951–2020 [mm]Source: own study

Figure 9.

(a) Mean winter temperature in Sandomierz and (b) mean spring temperature in Siedlce. Dotted lines – linear regression-Source: own study
(a) Mean winter temperature in Sandomierz and (b) mean spring temperature in Siedlce. Dotted lines – linear regression-Source: own study

Figure 10.

Temperature change in spring (1951–2020)Source: own study
Temperature change in spring (1951–2020)Source: own study

Figure 11.

Mean seasonal temperature (1951–2020): (a) summer in Gorzów and (b) autumn in Kalisz. Dotted lines – linear regressionSource: own study
Mean seasonal temperature (1951–2020): (a) summer in Gorzów and (b) autumn in Kalisz. Dotted lines – linear regressionSource: own study

Figure 12.

Precipitation change in winter (1952–2020)Source: own study
Precipitation change in winter (1952–2020)Source: own study

Figure 13.

Precipitation change in spring (1951–2020)Source: own study
Precipitation change in spring (1951–2020)Source: own study

The average differences between the seasonal precipitation for meteorological seasons and those of thermal and calendar seasons in 1951–2020 [mm]

meteorological seasonvs. thermalvs. calendar
winter+10−10
spring− 5+ a dozen to several dozen
summer− 1 to −5- several to − 20-odd
autumn− 4- a dozen to − 20

The average differences between the temperatures of meteorological seasons and those of thermal and calendar seasons in 1951–2020 [°C]

meteorological seasonvs. thermalvs. calendar
winter+0.1 (West) to +0.4 (East)+0.3 whole area
spring+1.0 (West) to +2.5 (East)+3–3.5 whole area
summer+0.2 whole area−0.5 whole area
autumn−0.2 to −0.4 depending on the region−3.0 whole area

The coincidence of the beginning of the meteorological and thermal seasons, with up to five days’ variation (the number of occurrences between 1951 and 2020)

stationspringsummerautumnwinterstationspringsummerautumnwinter
BIAŁYSTOK12536068POZNAŃ27575168
BIELSKO-BIAŁA33525165SANDOMIERZ25574669
CHOJNICE15536368SIEDLCE18585568
CZĘSTOCHOWA28565168SŁUBICE37565163
GORZÓW30584868SUWAŁKI6546168
JELENIA GÓRA27456668ŚWINOUJŚCIE29474563
KALISZ25564668SZCZECIN32554965
KIELCE23535368TARNÓW32564566
KOSZALIN25495666TORUŃ25575268
LUBLIN19535669WARSZAWA25574968
ŁEBA12405567WŁODAWA18595269
ŁÓDŹ21565268WROCŁAW33574567
OLSZTYN17535568ZAKOPANE13296969
OPOLE34594668ZIELONA GÓRA32565566
PŁOCK23554768
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0041 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046
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Language: English
Page range: 140 - 151
Submitted on: Mar 4, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 13, 2024
Published on: Jul 31, 2024
Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Seasonal variability,
temperature trends,
precipitation patterns,
Poland,
types of seasons
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geography,
Geosciences, other

© 2024 Małgorzata Szwed, Kamila Wasielewska, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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