Figure 1.
Location of the research area (A); the studied gullies superimposed on a background of the Vilnia valley (B); gully catchments and the main relief forms (C); and the location of drillings on the gully fans (D)
Source: Geoportal.lt [29 October 2023]
Figure 2.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the studied gullies (dashed line - cutting of the fan after building a culvert under the road); m asl - meters above sea level
Source: Geopoprtal.lt [29 October 2023]
Figure 3.
Granulometry, sedimentological indicators, and loss on ignition (LOI) for the sediments of gully fans I (A) and II (B), in depth profiles: Mz - mean grain size in phi scale, σ1 - standard deviation as sorting index, Sk1 - skewness, KG - kurtosis; 14C dating - cal. years AD; drilling locations as shown in Fig. 1D; a, b, c - lithological units (explanation in the text)
Source: own study
Figure 4.
Relationship between mean grain size (Mz) and sorting index (standard deviation-σ1) in phi scale, with trends for fluvial channel/gully sediments (solid line) and overbank/colluvial sediments (dotted line): drillings 2–7, a - upper lithological unit (accumulated since the seventeenth century), b - middle lithological units (early modern times), c - lower lithological units (Middle Ages)
Source: own study
Table 1.
Radiocarbon age of the studied fans at the mouth of the gullies (conventional dating), calibrated OxCal v. 4.4.4 (Reimer et al. 2020; Bronk Ramsey 2021)
| Lab. index | Sample, no. /depth [m] | Material | 14C age, years (BP) and error, (±1σ) | Calibrated age (cal. AD) for 95.45% probability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vs-2735 | Belmonto 3/1.45 | soil | 1125±200 | 567–1274 |
| Vs-2736 | Belmonto 6/1.40 | peat | 360±70 | 1420–1659 |
| Vs-2737 | Belmonto 7/0.72 | peat | 620±75 | 1271–1435 |
| Vs-2738 | Belmonto 8/0.85 | peat | 1390±70 | 540–777 |