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Environmental and Human Impact on Gully Erosion Recorded in Fan Sediments: A Case Study of the Vilnius area, Lithuania Cover

Environmental and Human Impact on Gully Erosion Recorded in Fan Sediments: A Case Study of the Vilnius area, Lithuania

Miscellanea Geographica
Volume 27 (2023): Issue 4 (October 2023)
By: Ewa Smolska,  Piotr Szwarczewski,  Algimantas Česnulevičius and  Jonas Mažeika  
Open Access
|Oct 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Location of the research area (A); the studied gullies superimposed on a background of the Vilnia valley (B); gully catchments and the main relief forms (C); and the location of drillings on the gully fans (D)Source: Geoportal.lt [29 October 2023]
Location of the research area (A); the studied gullies superimposed on a background of the Vilnia valley (B); gully catchments and the main relief forms (C); and the location of drillings on the gully fans (D)Source: Geoportal.lt [29 October 2023]

Figure 2.

Longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the studied gullies (dashed line - cutting of the fan after building a culvert under the road); m asl - meters above sea levelSource: Geopoprtal.lt [29 October 2023]
Longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the studied gullies (dashed line - cutting of the fan after building a culvert under the road); m asl - meters above sea levelSource: Geopoprtal.lt [29 October 2023]

Figure 3.

Granulometry, sedimentological indicators, and loss on ignition (LOI) for the sediments of gully fans I (A) and II (B), in depth profiles: Mz - mean grain size in phi scale, σ1 - standard deviation as sorting index, Sk1 - skewness, KG - kurtosis; 14C dating - cal. years AD; drilling locations as shown in Fig. 1D; a, b, c - lithological units (explanation in the text)Source: own study
Granulometry, sedimentological indicators, and loss on ignition (LOI) for the sediments of gully fans I (A) and II (B), in depth profiles: Mz - mean grain size in phi scale, σ1 - standard deviation as sorting index, Sk1 - skewness, KG - kurtosis; 14C dating - cal. years AD; drilling locations as shown in Fig. 1D; a, b, c - lithological units (explanation in the text)Source: own study

Figure 4.

Relationship between mean grain size (Mz) and sorting index (standard deviation-σ1) in phi scale, with trends for fluvial channel/gully sediments (solid line) and overbank/colluvial sediments (dotted line): drillings 2–7, a - upper lithological unit (accumulated since the seventeenth century), b - middle lithological units (early modern times), c - lower lithological units (Middle Ages)Source: own study
Relationship between mean grain size (Mz) and sorting index (standard deviation-σ1) in phi scale, with trends for fluvial channel/gully sediments (solid line) and overbank/colluvial sediments (dotted line): drillings 2–7, a - upper lithological unit (accumulated since the seventeenth century), b - middle lithological units (early modern times), c - lower lithological units (Middle Ages)Source: own study

Radiocarbon age of the studied fans at the mouth of the gullies (conventional dating), calibrated OxCal v_ 4_4_4 (Reimer et al_ 2020; Bronk Ramsey 2021)

Lab. indexSample, no. /depth [m]Material14C age, years (BP) and error, (±1σ)Calibrated age (cal. AD) for 95.45% probability
Vs-2735Belmonto 3/1.45soil1125±200567–1274
Vs-2736Belmonto 6/1.40peat360±701420–1659
Vs-2737Belmonto 7/0.72peat620±751271–1435
Vs-2738Belmonto 8/0.85peat1390±70540–777
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0026 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046
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Language: English
Page range: 172 - 179
Submitted on: Oct 10, 2023
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Accepted on: Oct 31, 2023
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Published on: Oct 31, 2023
Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
gully,
fan sediments,
erosion,
settlements,
Lithuania
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geography,
Geosciences, other

© 2023 Ewa Smolska, Piotr Szwarczewski, Algimantas Česnulevičius, Jonas Mažeika, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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