Figure 1
Location of the study area on continent (a), region (b), and valley (c). The crosshair, and the geographical coordinates assigned to it, indicate the central part of the Uisu glacier system, numbers 44–68 identify the tributary glaciers according to the USSR glacier inventory (Katalog Lednikov SSSR 1973), the white frame covers the area of detailed geomorphological mapping, the elevations at the spots marked with black dots are expressed in metres above sea level
Source: own study based on the satellite imagery provided by Google Maps: Image, © 2022 TerraMetrics
Table 1
List of Landsat satellite scenes used. MSS: MultiSpectral Scanner (Landsat 1), TM: Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5), ETM+: Enhanced Thematic Mapper + (Landsat 7), and OLI: Operational Land Imager (Landsat 8). “Date” shows day.month, and “P-R” shows path-row. Source: USGS Earth Explorer
| No. | Sensor | Date | Year | P-R |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MSS | 22.08 | 1977 | 162-033 |
| 2 | TM | 30.09 | 1993 | 151-033 |
| 3 | TM | 28.09 | 1998 | 151-033 |
| 4 | ETM+ | 28.09 | 2001 | 151-033 |
| 5 | ETM+ | 15.09 | 2008 | 151-033 |
| 6 | OLI | 05.09 | 2013 | 151-033 |
| 7 | OLI | 15.08 | 2017 | 151-033 |
| 8 | OLI | 22.09 | 2019 | 151-033 |
Figure 2
The Uisu glacier system in: a) 1993, and b) 2019. Numbers 45 and 47 stand for two tributary glaciers according to the USSR glacier inventory (for explanation, see text)
Source: own study based on the Landsat satellite imagery provided by the USGS Earth Explorer
Figure 3
Surface area of the Uisu glacier system in 1977–2019. Light grey bars: total area, white bars: area of the part without supraglacial cover, dark grey bars: area of supraglacial cover
Source: own study
Figure 4
Surface velocity along the central line of the tongue of the Uisu glacier and Glacier No. 47 in the 1993–2019 period
Source: own study
Figure 5
Surface area of the supraglacial lakes in 1993–2019
Source: own study
Figure 6
Geomorphological map of Uisu glacier forefield
Source: own study
Figure 7
Terminal zone of Uisu glacier: a) glacier front, b) supraglacial moraine with meltwater lakes and kettle holes, c) supraglacial material and outcrop of glacial ice with oblique foliation – view from the northern side of the valley
Source: own study; aerial photos: Marcin Zegarek (a and b), terrestrial photo: Bogdan Gądek (c)
Figure 8
Fluvioglacial forefield of Uisu glacier: a) multi-channel bed of the Koksoy river, b) terrace in front of the glacier terminus. T1 – terrace 1, T2 – terrace 2
Source: own study; aerial photos: Marcin Zegarek
Figure 9
Alluvial fans at the mouths of valleys located on the northern side of the terminal zone of the Uisu glacier: a) mouth of the eastern valley, b) mouth of the western valley (see Fig. 6). AF – alluvial fan, 1–4 old alluvial levels, RGm – rock glacier (rock-glacierised moraine), Gl – lateral edge of Uisu glacier
Source: own study; aerial photo: Marcin Zegarek (a), terrestrial photo: Bogdan Gądek (b)
Figure 10
Geomorphology of the terminal zone of the Uisu glacier: a) slopes on the northern side; b) slopes on the southern side and forefield (Gl – front of the Uisu glacier, RGm – rock-glacierised moraine, RG – periglacial rock glacier, S – talus slope with solifluction lobes, AF – alluvial fan, 2–4 – old alluvial levels, LM – lateral moraine, T2 – fluvioglacial terrace 2; c) sorted polygons on the surface of terrace T2 (Fig. 10b)
Source: own study; photos: Bogdan Gądek