Remote sensing techniques to assess chlorophyll fluorescence in support of crop monitoring in Poland

Radosław Gurdak; Maciej Bartold

doi:10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0029

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Remote sensing techniques to assess chlorophyll fluorescence in support of crop monitoring in Poland

Miscellanea Geographica

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 4 (October 2021)

By: Radosław Gurdak and Maciej Bartold

Open Access

|Sep 2021

Figures & Tables

JECAM cropland site 25 km × 25 km, highlighted in yellow, with field sites where chlorophyll fluorescence were measured
Source: own elaboration

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on sugar beets with OS5p+ Pulse Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometer
Source: photo by Maciej Bartold

Table 1

Vegetation indices calculated from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery

1	2	3	4	5
Application	Index	Description	Equation	Reference
Assessment of the general condition of vegetation	CTVI	Corrected Transformed Vegetation Index	$CTVI = \frac{(NDVI + 0.5)}{\| NDVI + 0.5 \|} * \sqrt{NDVI + 0.5}$	Perry, 1984
	DVI	Difference Vegetation Index	DVI= aR_NIR-R_red	Richardson, 1977
	EVI	Enhanced Vegetation Index	$EVI = \frac{R_{NIR} - R_{red}}{R_{NIR} + C_{1} * R_{red} - C_{2} * R_{blue} + L}$	Huete, 1999
	GEMI	Global Environmental Monitoring Index	$GEMI = n (1 - 0.25 n) - \frac{R_{red} - 0.125}{1 - R_{red}}$	Pinty, 1992
	GNDVI	Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	$GNDVI = \frac{R_{NIR} - R_{green}}{R_{NIR} + R_{green}}$	Gitelson, 1998
	IRECI	Inverted Red Edge Chlorophyll Index	$IRECI = \frac{(R_{NIR} - R_{red})}{R_{rededge 1} / R_{rededge 2}}$	Frampton et al., 2013
	MSAVI	Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index	$MSAVI = \frac{R_{NIR} - R_{red}}{R_{NIR} + R_{red} + L} * (1 + L)$	Qi et al., 1994
	MSAVI2	Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2	$MSAVI 2 = \frac{1}{2} [2 * R_{800} + 1 - \sqrt{(2 * R_{800} + 1) - 8 * (R_{800} - R_{670})}]$	Qi et al., 1994
	NDREI1	Normalized Difference Red Edge Index 1	$NDREI 1 = \frac{R_{790} - R_{720}}{R_{790} + R_{720}}$	Gitelson And Merzlyak, 1994
	NDREI2	Normalized Difference Red Edge Index 2	$NDREI 2 = \frac{R_{750} - R_{705}}{R_{750} + R_{705} * R_{445}}$	Barnes, 2000
	NDVI	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	$NDVI = \frac{R_{NIR} - R_{red}}{R_{NIR} + R_{red}}$	Rouse, 1974
	NRVI	Normalized Ratio Vegetation Index	$NRVI = \frac{\frac{R_{red}}{R_{NIR}} - 1}{\frac{R_{red}}{R_{NIR}} + 1}$	Baret, 1991
	REIP	Red Edge Inflection Point	$REIP = 700 + 40 (\frac{(\frac{R_{670} + R_{780}}{2}) - R_{700}}{R_{740} - R_{700}})$	Guyot And Barnet, 1988
	RVI	Ratio Vegetation Index	$RVI = \frac{R_{red}}{R_{NIR}}$	Bannari et al., 1995
	SATVI	Soil Adjusted Total Vegetation Index	$SATVI = \frac{R_{NIR} - R_{red}}{R_{NIR} + R_{red} + L} * (1 + L) - \frac{R_{SWIR}}{2}$	Marsett, 2006
	SAVI	Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index	$SAVI = \frac{(1 + L) (R_{NIR} - R_{red})}{R_{NIR} + R_{red} + L}$	Huete, 1988
	SLAVI	Specific Leaf Area Vegetation Index	$SLAVI = \frac{R_{NIR}}{R_{red} + R_{SWIR}}$	Lymburger et al., 2000
	SR	Simple Ratio Vegetation Index	$SR = \frac{R_{NIR}}{R_{red}}$	Birth, 1968
	TTVI	Thiam's Transformed Vegetation Index	$TTVI = \sqrt{\| NDVI + 0.5 \|}$	Thiam, 1997
	TVI	Transformed Vegetation Index	$MSAVI 2 = \frac{1}{2} [120 * (R_{750} - R_{550}) - 200 * (R_{670} - R_{550})]$	Deering, 1975
	WDVI	Weighted Difference Vegetation Index	WDVI=R_NIR-a*R_red	Richardson, 1977
Assessment of photosynthetically active pigment	CLG	Chlorophyll Index Green	$CLG = \frac{R_{NIR}}{R_{green}} - 1$	Gitelson, 2003
	CLRE	Red-edge-band Chlorophyll Index	$CLRE = \frac{R_{750}}{R_{710}} - 1$	Gitelson, 2003
	MCARI	Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index	$MCARI = [(R_{700} - R_{670}) - 0.2 * (R_{700} - R_{550})] * (R_{700} / R_{670})$	Daughtery, 2000
	MTCI	MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index	$MTCI = \frac{R_{754} - R_{709}}{R_{709} - R_{681}}$	Dash And Curran, 2004
	S2REP	Sentinel-2 Red-Edge Position Index	$S 2 REP = 705 + 35 * \frac{((R_{NIR} + R_{red}) / 2) - R_{705}}{(R_{740} - R_{705})}$	Frampton et al., 2013
Assessment of the amount of light used in photosynthesis	SIPI	Structure Insensitive Pigment Index	$SIPI = \frac{R_{800} - R_{450}}{R_{800} + R_{650}}$	Peñuelas et al., 1995
Assessment of the amount of light used in photosynthesis	ZMI	Zarco-Tejada & Miller Index	$ZMI = \frac{R_{750}}{R_{710}}$	Zarco-Tejada et al., 2001
Assessment of water content	DSWI	Disease Water Stress Index	$DSWI = \frac{R_{802} + R_{547}}{R_{1657} + R_{682}}$	Galvão et al., 2005
	MNDWI	Modified Normalized Difference Water Index	$MNDWI = \frac{R_{green} - R_{MIR}}{R_{green} + R_{MIR}}$	Xu, 2006
	NDWI	Normalized Difference Water Index	$NDWI = \frac{R_{green} - R_{NIR}}{R_{green} + R_{NIR}}$	McFeeters, 1996
	NDWI2	Normalized Difference Water 2 Index	$NDWI2 = \frac{R_{857} - R_{1241}}{R_{587} + R_{1241}}$	Gao, 1996
	NDII	Normalized Difference Infrared Index	$NDII = \frac{R_{850} - R_{1650}}{R_{580} + R_{1650}}$	Hardisky et al., 1993

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 2

Sentinel-3 cloud-free satellite images of croplands in Wielkopolska. Actual state on 10. September 2019.

Year	2018								2019
Month	July				August				July				August
Day	5	9	21	28	1	5	13	17	4	15	25	26	1	8	12	13	15	22	23	24	26	28	29	30	31

[i] Source: own elaboration

Time series of vegetation indices for maize and sugar beets during 2018–2019
Source: own elaboration

Sentinel-3 based land surface temperatures of maize and sugar beets during 2018–2019. The red crosses indicate mean, thin black lines median, green boxes 25%–75% ranges, black dots are outliers
Source: own elaboration

Maximum and mean temperatures, as well as total precipitation, noted in 2018 at the meteorological station in the town of Kornik
Source: own elaboration

Maximum and mean temperature, as well as total precipitation, noted in 2019 at the meteorological station in the town of Kornik
Source: own elaboration

Table 3

Results of correlation analysis of ground measured ChlF and Vis (red color – results with the highest correlation coefficient)

Assessment	Vegetation Index	Maize				Sugar beets
Assessment	Vegetation Index	R coefficient	MAE	RMSE	p-value	R coefficient	MAE	RMSE	p-value
Assessment of the general condition of vegetation	CTVI	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.445	0.36	0.08	0.07	0.204
	DVI	0.24	0.07	0.07	0.315	0.29	0.08	0.08	0.320
	EVI	0.61	0.03	0.03	0.005	0.45	0.05	0.04	0.106
	GEMI	−0.26	0.07	0.07	0.275	−0.25	0.08	0.08	0.394
	GNDVI	0.07	0.10	0.09	0.767	0.35	0.09	0.09	0.226
	IRECI	0.64	0.02	0.02	0.003	0.22	0.08	0.08	0.447
	MSAVI	0.17	0.08	0.07	0.478	0.37	0.07	0.06	0.188
	MSAVI2	0.17	0.08	0.07	0.478	0.37	0.07	0.06	0.188
	NDREI1	0.14	0.08	0.07	0.579	0.35	0.07	0.07	0.213
	NDREI2	0.06	0.10	0.09	0.815	0.35	0.07	0.07	0.223
	NDVI	0.19	0.08	0.08	0.429	0.35	0.07	0.07	0.214
	NRVI	−0.19	0.08	0.08	0.429	−0.35	0.07	0.07	0.214
	REIP	0.15	0.08	0.07	0.538	0.31	0.08	0.07	0.284
	RVI	−0.17	0.08	0.07	0.478	−0.37	0.07	0.07	0.188
	SATVI	0.22	0.07	0.07	0.362	0.40	0.05	0.05	0.152
	SAVI	0.56	0.04	0.03	0.012	0.32	0.08	0.07	0.269
	SLAVI	0.37	0.06	0.06	0.124	0.26	0.08	0.07	0.374
	SR	0.29	0.07	0.06	0.233	0.21	0.08	0.08	0.479
	TTVI	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.445	0.36	0.07	0.07	0.478
	TVI	0.55	0.04	0.04	0.015	0.21	0.08	0.08	0.478
	WDVI	0.24	0.07	0.06	0.315	0.29	0.08	0.07	0.320
Assessment of photosynthetically active pigment	CLG	0.06	0.10	0.10	0.805	0.24	0.07	0.07	0.401
	CLRE	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.708	0.28	0.08	0.07	0.335
	MCARI	0.35	0.06	0.06	0.141	0.26	0.07	0.06	0.377
	MTCI	−0.01	0.11	0.10	0.980	0.38	0.06	0.06	0.186
	S2REP	0.46	0.06	0.05	0.046	0.43	0.05	0.04	0.125
Assessment of the amount of light used in photosynthesis	SIPI	−0.68	0.02	0.02	0.001	0.24	0.07	0.07	0.401
Assessment of the amount of light used in photosynthesis	ZMI	0.54	0.04	0.04	0.017	−0.13	0.09	0.08	0.665
Assessment of water content	DSWI	0.64	0.03	0.03	0.003	0.22	0.07	0.06	0.460
	MNDWI	0.54	0.04	0.04	0.017	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.751
	NDWI	−0.07	0.10	0.09	0.767	−0.35	0.06	0.06	0.226
	NDWI2	0.37	0.06	0.06	0.120	0.33	0.07	0.06	0.251
	NDII	0.65	0.03	0.03	0.002	0.31	0.07	0.07	0.279

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 4

Linear regression equations for estimating ChlF (F_V/F_M)

CROP TYPE	INDEX	FORMULA
MAIZE	NDII	F_V/F_M = 0.68053 + 0.25102 * NDII
MAIZE	SIPI	F_V/F_M = 1.1527 − 0.3640 * SIPI
SUGAR BEETS	EVI	F_V/F_M = 0.60230 + 0.07402 * EVI
SUGAR BEETS	S2REP	F_V/F_M = −8.753 + 0.01317 * S2REP

[i] Source: own elaboration

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0029 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046 (formerly 2084-6118)

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Language: English

Page range: 226 - 237

Submitted on: Apr 28, 2020

Accepted on: Aug 13, 2020

Published on: Sep 26, 2021

Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Spectral vegetation indices,

land surface temperature,

JECAM,

Sentinel satellites

Related subjects:

Geosciences,

Geosciences, other

© 2021 Radosław Gurdak, Maciej Bartold, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 4 (October 2021)

Remote sensing techniques to assess chlorophyll fluorescence in support of crop monitoring in Poland

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Table 3

Table 4

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