Landslide hazard assessment and monitoring in former coal-mining landscapes: A scoping review for reclamation and post-mining land use planning
By: Radka Dužeková and Pavel Raška
References
- Akçar, N., Yavuz, V., Ivy-Ochs, S., Fredin, O., Nyffenegger, F., Korkut, M., ..., & Schlunegger, F. (2019). Liquefaction of freshwater carbonates led to the February 10, 2011, landslide at the Çöllolar coalfield, eastern Turkey. Geomorphology, 347, 106859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106859
- Alexandrescu, F. M., Frantál, B., Klusáček, P., & Konečný, O. (2026). Coal mining, geopolitics and cities: Urban utopias and dystopias in North Bohemia. Journal of Historical Geography, 93, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2026.06.004
- Apostu, I.-M., & Faur, F. (2018). Stability assessment of the final slopes of the North Pesteana quarry in the context of long-term safety of objectives in the influence areas. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(4), 317–322. https://rjas.ro/paper_detail/2760
- Arca, D., Kutoğlu, H. Ş., & Becek, K. (2018). Landslide susceptibility mapping in an area of underground mining using the multicriteria decision analysis method. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190, 725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7085-5
- Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2018). Mine Closure Checklist for Governments. https://www.apec.org/docs/default-source/Publications/2018/3/Mine-Closure-Checklist-for-Governments/218_MTF_Mine-Closure_Checklist-for-Governments.pdf
- Bainton, N., & Holcombe, S. (2018). A critical review of the social aspects of mine closure. Resources Policy, 59, 468–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.08.020
- Bednarczyk, Z. (2017). Landslide monitoring and counteraction technologies in Polish lignite opencast mines. In M. Mikoš, V. Vilímek, Y. Yin, & K. Sassa (Eds.), Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides. WLF 2017 (pp. 33–43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53483-1_6
- Burda, J., & Kycl, P. (2023). Selected findings from monitoring and slope stability evaluation of the ČSA open-pit mine. Příroda, 45, 141–164. https://www.priroda.nature.cz/index.php/priroda/article/view/60/88
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Mini res (BRGM) (2025). SIRIMA: Managing the hazard and risk of sinkholes, or localized collapses, associated with former coal mines. BRGM.
- CBS Pittsburgh (2024). Massive sinkhole opens in Unity Township, Pennsylvania. CBS Pittsburgh.
- Cui, F., Wu, Q., Zhang, S., Wu, N., & Ji, Y. (2018). Damage characteristics and mechanism of a strong water inrush disaster at the Wangjialing Coal Mine, Shanxi Province, China. Geofluids, 2018, 3253641. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3253641
- De Castro, D. B., Tenorio de Albuquerque, N., Santos da Mota, G., & Sousa de Sena, Í. (2025). Geospatial risk modeling of subsidence-related hazards in mining-affected terrains using remote sensing, geophysics, and VR-based visualization. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 16(1), 2596879. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2025.2596879
- Dmitruk, M. T. (2021). Analysis of the objectives and the level of implementation of the spatial development plan of the Central Coal Region – the Lublin Coal Basin (CRW-LZW). Archives of Mining Sciences, 66(4), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2021.139596
- Dong, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, B. (2024). Landslide risk assessment in mining areas using hybrid machine learning methods under fuzzy environment. Ecological Indicators, 167, 112736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112736
- Du, H., Wan, Y., Wang, D., Cao, B., & Liu, G. (2025). Research on deformation characteristics and mechanisms of an open pit coal mine landslide event in extremely cold region. Scientific Reports, 15, 43362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27509-5
- Dužeková, R., Raška, P., Burda, J., & Blahůt, J. (2026). Validation of a statistical landslide susceptibility model for reclamation of closing brown coal open-cast mines. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 31(1), 198–214. https://doi.org/10.46544/AMS.v31i1.15
- European Union (2020). Toolkit. Environmental rehabilitation and repurposing. Lead author: Beuermann, C. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-05/environmental_rehabilitation_and_repurposing_toolkit_-platform_for_coal_regions_in_transition_0.pdf
- Eurostat (2025). Coal production and consumption statistics. In Statistics Explained. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Coal_production_and_consumption_statistics
- Frantál, B., Pasqualetti, M., & Brisudová, L. (2024). Challenges, dilemmas and success criteria of recycling coal mining landscapes. Moravian Geographical Reports, 32(4), 216–232. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2024-0018
- Froude, M. J., & Petley, D. N. (2018). Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18(9), 2161–2181. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2161-2018
- Galo, D. de B., dos Anjos, J. Â. S. A., & Sánchez, L. E. (2022). Are mining companies mature for mine closure? An approach for evaluating preparedness. Resources Policy, 78, 102919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102919
- Garvie, A., Donaldson, K., Beamish, B., & Williams, B. (2019a). Management of spontaneous combustion in coal overburden spoil piles. In N. Aziz & B. Kininmonth (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2019 Coal Operators’ Conference (pp. 265–273). University of Wollongong.
- Garvie, A., Donaldson, K., Williams, B., & Chapman, J. (2019b). A demonstration of the cessation of spontaneous combustion in a coal overburden spoil pile. In A. B. Fourie & M. Tibbett (Eds.), Mine Closure 2019: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mine Closure (pp. 897–910). Australian Centre for Geomechanics. https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1915_71_Garvie
- Global Energy Monitor (2025). Global Coal Mine Tracker (May 2025 release; September 2024 or December 2024 Supplement). Global Energy Monitor. https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-mine-tracker
- Haddaway, N. R., Page, M. J., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L. A. (2022). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18, e1230. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1230
- Hoy, M., Doan, C. B., Horpibulsuk, S., Suddeepong, A., Udomchai, A., Buritatum, A., ..., & Arulrajah, A. (2024). Investigation of a large-scale waste dump failure at the Mae Moh mine in Thailand. Engineering Geology, 329, 107400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107400
- Hungr, O., Leroueil, S., & Picarelli, L. (2014). The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update. Landslides, 11(2), 167–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y
- International Energy Agency (IEA) (2025). Executive summary: Coal 2025. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/coal-2025/executive-summary
- Jelínek, P., Marschalko, M., Lamich, D., Yılmaz, I., Zástěrová, P., Bednařík, M., ..., & Růčková, H. (2015). Monitoring and analysis of burning in coal tailing dumps: A case study from the Czech Republic. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(10), 6601–6612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3883-4
- Karanam, V., Motagh, M., Garg, S., & Jain, K. (2021). Multi-sensor remote sensing analysis of coal fire induced land subsidence in Jharia Coalfields, Jharkhand, India. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 102, 102439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102439
- Kolapo, P., Oniyide, G. O., Said, K. O., Lawal, A. I., Onifade, M., & Munemo, P. (2022). An overview of slope failure in mining operations. Mining, 2(2), 350–384. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining2020019
- Larkin, H., Magnall, N., Thomas, A., Holley, R., & McCormack, H. (2020). Utilising satellite-based techniques to identify and monitor slope instabilities: The Fagraskógarfjall and Limnes landslides. In P. M. Dight (Ed.), Slope Stability 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering (pp. 1455–1466). https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2025_100
- Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69
- Li, J., Li, B., He, K., Gao, Y., Wan, J., Wu, W., & Zhang, H. (2022). Failure mechanism analysis of mining-induced landslide based on geophysical investigation and numerical modelling using Distinct Element Method. Remote Sensing, 14(23), 6071. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236071
- Li, J., Yang, T., Deng, W., Du, S., Zhang, Z., Ma, H., ..., & Liu, L. (2025). Evaluating failure mechanisms of excavation-induced large-scale landslides in Xinjing open-pit coal mine through integrated UAV imagery and 3D simulation. Landslides, 22, 2021–2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-025-02460-8
- Marais, L., Nel, V., Rani, K., van Rooyen, D., Sesele, K., van der Watt, P., & du Plessis, L. (2021). Economic transitions in South Africa’s secondary cities: Governing mine closures. Politics and Governance, 9(2), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.4032
- Mateos, R. M., López-Vinielles, J., Poyiadji, E., Tsagkas, D., Sheehy, M., Hadjicharalambous, K., ..., & Herrera, G. (2020). Integration of landslide hazard into urban planning across Europe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 196, 103740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103740
- Miccadei, E., Carabella, C., & Paglia, G. (2022). Landslide hazard and environment risk assessment. Land, 11, 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030428
- Moore, R., & McInnes, R. (2016). Ground instability and landslide management: Raising awareness and increasing capacity for change within affected societies. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability and Management (pp. 1469–1476). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315375007-170
- Mulková, M., & Popelková, R. (2024). Analysis of spatio-temporal development of mining landforms using aerial photographs: Case study from the Ostrava–Karviná mining district. Moravian Geographical Reports, 32(3), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2024-0017
- Nalmpant-Sarikaki, D. M., Theocharis, A. I., Koukouzas, N. C., & Zevgolis, I. E. (2025). A framework for effective multi-hazard risk assessment in post-mining areas. Safety, 11(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11010018
- Niu, Y., Gao, Z., Li, Y., Lou, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., ..., Luo, K. (2020). Characteristics of rill erosion in spoil heaps under simulated inflow: A field runoff plot experiment. Soil and Tillage Research, 202, 104655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104655
- Nyssen, J., Diependaele, S., & Goossens, R. (2012). Belgium’s burning coal tips: Coupling thermographic ASTER imagery with topography to map debris slide susceptibility. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 56(1), 23–52. https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0061
- Nyssen, J., & Vermeersch, D. (2010). Slope aspect affects geomorphic dynamics of coal mining spoil heaps in Belgium. Geomorphology, 123(1–2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.07.004
- Ozbay, A., & Cabalar, A. F. (2015). FEM and LEM stability analyses of the fatal landslides at Çöllolar open-cast lignite mine in Elbistan, Turkey. Landslides, 12(1), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0537-2
- Petley, D. (2012). Global patterns of loss of life from landslides. Geology, 40(10), 927–930. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33217.1
- Petley, D. (2020). Mina Pecket: A large landslide in an open cast coal mine in Chile in 2014. The Landslide Blog. American Geophysical Union. https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2020/02/04/mina-pecket/
- Pham, M. T., Rajić, A., Greig, J. D., Sargeant, J. M., Papadopoulos, A., & McEwen, S. A. (2014). A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Research Synthesis Methods, 5, 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1123
- Raška, P., Frantál, B., Martinát, S., & Hruška, V. (2023). Exploring local land use conflicts through successive planning decisions: a dynamic approach and theory-driven typology of potentially conflicting planning decisions. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 66(10), 2051–2070. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2022.2060806
- Report of the Tribunal Appointed to Inquire Into the Disaster at Aberfan on October 21st, 1966. (1967). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
- Riyas, M. J., Syed, T. H., Kumar, H., & Kuenzer, C. (2021). Detecting and analyzing the evolution of subsidence due to coal fires in Jharia Coalfield, India using Sentinel-1 SAR data. Remote Sensing, 13(8), 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081521
- Selame, M., & Simpson, G. B. (2025). Post-mining land use selection: A framework for long-term value creation. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mine Closure (pp. 1–20). Australian Centre for Geomechanics. https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2515_35
- Siddle, H. J., Wright, M. D., & Hutchinson, J. N. (1996). Rapid failures of colliery spoil heaps in the South Wales Coalfield. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 29(2), 103–132. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1996.029.P2.02
- Simpson, G. B., Ferguson, K., Slingerland, N., Jewitt, G. P. W., Alekseenko, A. V., Simpson, Z. Z., ..., & Stock, K. (2025). Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals into post-mining land use selection. Scientific Reports, 15, 31974. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15980-z
- Sloss, L. (2013). Coal mine site reclamation (CCC/216). IEA Clean Coal Centre. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23405.13288
- Solarski, M., Machowski, R., Rzętała, M., & Rzętała, M. A. (2022). Hypsometric changes in urban areas resulting from multiple years of mining activity. Scientific Reports, 12, 2982. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06847-8
- Svobodová, K., Botková, K., & Plieninger, T. (2025). Dynamics of community–company interactions in quarrying regions. Journal of Environmental Management, 375, 124440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124440
- Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., ..., & Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
- Turner, A. K. (2018). Social and environmental impacts of landslides. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 3, 70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0175-y
- Wang, X., Wang, Y., Lin, Q., & Yang, X. (2023). Assessing global landslide casualty risk under moderate climate change based on multiple GCM projections. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 14, 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-023-00514-w
- Wasowski, J., Bovenga, F., Nutricato, R., Nitti, D., & Chiaradia, M. (2018). Sentinel-1 data promote a more effective and affordable use of multi-temporal interferometry in slope instability detection and landslide monitoring. https://www.irpi.cnr.it/publication/sentinel-1-data-promote-a-more-effective-and-affordable-use-of-multi-temporal-interferometry-in-slope-instability-detection-and-landslide-monitoring/
- Worden, S., Svobodová, K., Côte, C., & Bolz, P. (2024). Regional post-mining land use assessment: An interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach. Resources Policy, 89, 104680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104680
- World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.). Landslides. https://www.who.int/health-topics/landslides
- Zevgolis, I. E., Deliveris, A. V., & Koukouzas, N. K. (2019). Slope failure incidents and other stability concerns in surface lignite mines in Greece. Journal of Sustainable Mining, 18(4), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6202 (formerly 1210-8812) | Journal ISSN: 1210-8812
Language: English
Page range: 122 - 135
Submitted on: Apr 16, 2026
Accepted on: Aug 25, 2026
Published online: Oct 11, 2026
Published in print: Sep 1, 2026
Published by: Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Related subjects:
© 2026 Radka Dužeková, Pavel Raška, published by Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.