References
- Abell, Douglas. 2000. “Pay for Play: An Old Tactic in a New Environment.” Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law 2, no. 1: 52.
- Baym, Nancy K. 2015. “Connect With Your Audience! The Relational Labor of Connection.” The Communication Review 18, no. 1: 14–22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2015.996401 . - Baym, Nancy K. 2018. Playing to the Crowd: Musicians, Audiences, and the Intimate Work of Connection. New York: NYU Press.
- Bonini, Tiziano, and Alessandro Gandini. 2019. “‘First Week Is Editorial, Second Week Is Algorithmic’: Platform Gatekeepers and the Platformization of Music Curation.” Social Media + Society 5, no. 4.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119880006 . - Bro, Peter, and Filip Wallberg. 2015. “Gatekeeping in a Digital Era.” Journalism Practice 9, no. 1: 92–105.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.928468 . - Bryman, Alan. 2003. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203410028 . - Charles, Joseph. 2020. “Julians Promos Gains One Million YouTube Subscribers.” Soca News, November 5, 2020.
https://socanews.com/news/julians-promos-gains-one-million-youtube-subscribers/ . - Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell. 2017. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.
- Doughty, Melissa. 2020. “Julianspromos Takes Soca to the World.” Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, November 21, 2020.
https://news-day.co.tt/2020/11/21/julianspromos-takes-soca-to-the-world/ . - Dowrich-Phillips, Laura. 2012. “Artists Call for 50% Local Content.” Trinidad Guardian Newspaper, October 25, 2012.
http://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.433367.ffa423038e . - Ebuztt. 2020. “Julian’s Promos Hits One Million YouTube Subscribers.” Ebuztt, October 21, 2020.
https://ebuzztt.com/julians-promos-hits-one-million-youtube-subscribers/ . - Fielding, Nigel G., and Jane L. Fielding. 1986. Linking Data. SAGE Publications.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984775 . - Gd, Lior. 2025. “The Dynamics of Symbolic Capital: Understanding and Cultivating Prestige.” Medium, March 5, 2025.
https://liorgd.medium.com/the-dynamics-of-symbolic-capital-understanding-and-cultivating-prestige-4f1f8f843b0b . - Hesmondhalgh, David. 2022. The Cultural Industries. Sage.
- Hesmondhalgh, David, and D. Bondy Valdovinos Kaye. 2025. “What Do Musicians Think of Digital Platforms?” Popular Music 2025, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S026114302500025X . - Jackson, Kevin. 2025. “LA Benjamin Calls for an End to the Practice of Gate-Keeping.” Jamaica Observer, June 3, 2025.
https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2025/06/03/la-benjamin-calls-end-practice-gate-keeping/ . - Jones, Steve. 2002. “Music That Moves: Popular Music, Distribution and Network Technologies.” Cultural Studies 16, no. 2: 213–32.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380110107562 . - Joseph, Farley J. 2021. “Disruptive Potential: COVID-19 and Emerging Live Music Models in Trinidad and Tobago.” Monogram: Ibero-American Journal of Culture and Thought, no. 9: 307–32.
https://doi.org/10.36008/monograma.2021.09.2221 . - Joseph, Farley J. 2023. “Streaming Forward: Adoption Considerations for the Major Recorded Music Markets in CARICOM.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 30, no. 3: 1236–53.
https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565231203983 . - Joseph, Farley J. 2023. “Sustaining Innovation: Digital Live Music Models in a Post-COVID-19 Trinidad and Tobago.” International Journal of Music Business Research 12, no. 1: 25–41.
https://doi.org/10.2478/ijmbr-2023-0005 . - Kjus, Yngvar. 2016. “Reclaiming the Music: The Power of Local and Physical Music Distribution in the Age of Global Online Services.” New Media & Society 18, no. 9: 2116–32.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815580414 . - Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egon G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE.
- Lyew, Stephanie. 2020. “Blasting Music into the Future.” Jamaica Gleaner, February 21, 2020.
https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20200221/blasting-music-future . - Marciano, Alain, Antonio Nicita, and Giovanni Battista Ramello. 2020. “Big Data and Big Techs: Understanding the Value of Information in Platform Capitalism.” European Journal of Law and Economics 50, no. 3: 345–58.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-020-09675-1 . - Maxwell, Joseph A. 2005. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. SAGE.
- Morgan, Benjamin A. 2022. “Optimisation of Musical Distribution in Streaming Services: Third-Party Playlist Promotion and Algorithmic Logics of Distribution,” in Rethinking the Music Business: Music Contexts, Rights, Data and COVID-19, edited by Guy Morrow, Daniel Norgard, and Peter Tschmuck. Springer, 151–69.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09532-0_9 . - Nordgård, Daniel. 2018. The Music Business and Digital Impacts: Innovations and Disruptions in the Music Industries. Springer Nature Switzerland.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91887-7 . - Nurse, Keith. 2005. “The Caribbean Music Industry: Case Studies of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago,” in The Caribbean Economy: A Reader, edited by Dennis Pantin. Ian Randle Publishers, 637–49.
- Patel, Neil. 2025. “How the YouTube Algorithm Works (Data-Backed Answer).” Neil Patel by NP Digital, July 17, 2025.
https://neilpatel.com/blog/youtube-algorithm-organic-reach/ . - Ramdass, Rickie. 2022. “All-Female Tent Claims Discrimination by Gypsy.” Trinidad Express Newspapers. February 20, 2022.
https://trinidadexpress.com/news/local/all-female-tent-claims-discrimination-by-gypsy/article_f85c7e18-91f3-11ec-8c81-6fa6e57a206b.html . - Shoemaker, Pamela J., and Timothy Vos. 2009. Gatekeeping Theory. London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931653 . - Srnicek, Nick. 2017. Platform Capitalism. John Wiley & Sons.
- Stake, Robert E. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Thorkildsen, Kjersti Livesdottir, and Anders Rykkja. 2022. “Showcase Festivals: Gatekeepers and Bridge Builders in the Music Industries.” International Journal of Music Business Research 11, no. 2: 47–58.
https://doi.org/10.2478/ijmbr-2022-0006 . - White, David Manning. 1950. “The ‘Gate Keeper’: A Case Study in the Selection of News.” The Journalism Quarterly 27, no. 4: 383–90.
https://doi.org/10.1177/107769905002700403 . - Williams, Sheldon. 2024. “Mr. Vegas On the Multiple Sides of Gate-keeping in Dancehall.” DancehallMag, February 25, 2024.
https://www.dancehallmag.com/2024/02/25/news/mr-vegas-on-the-multiple-sides-of-gatekeeping-in-dancehall.html . - Yin, Robert K. 2018. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.