Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
System-Level Validation of Pem Electrolyser Balance of Plant: An Integrated Framework for Functional Performance Cover

System-Level Validation of Pem Electrolyser Balance of Plant: An Integrated Framework for Functional Performance

Open Access
|Sep 2026

References

  1. Backurs, A., Jansons, L., & Laizans, A. (2025). Water electrolysis technologies: Comparison of maturity, operational and cost efficiency. In Proceedings of the 24th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development (Vol. 24, pp. 275–285). Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.22616/ERDev.2025.24.TF061
  2. Kronkalns, D., Zemite, L., Jansons, L. & Backurs, A. (2025). Pursuing Opportunity: A multi-dimensional analysis of green hydrogen production technologies. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 62(5), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2025-0039
  3. Kut, P., Pietrucha-Urbanik, K., & Zeleňáková, M. (2024). Assessing the role of hydrogen in sustainable energy futures: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research and international collaborations in energy and environmental engineering. Energies, 17(8), 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081862
  4. Fernández-Arias, P., del Bosque, A., Lampropoulos, G., & Vergara, D. (2026). Green hydrogen and its contribution to environmental sustainability: A review. Resources, 15(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources15010015
  5. Spatolisano, E., Trinca, A., Flagiello, D., & Vilardi, G. (2026). Green hydrogen production for decarbonizing the steel industry: Energy and economic assessment of electrolysis and ammonia cracking systems. Energies, 19(3), 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030717
  6. Butt, O. M., & Ahmad, M. S. (2026). Potential of hydrogen as a future green fuel technology for the current industry. Materials Proceedings, 31(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2026031013
  7. Zemite, L., Jansons, L., Kronkalns, D., Backurs, A., Dzelzitis, E. & Slutins, O. (2026). From electricity prices to hydrogen costs: Evaluating green hydrogen competitiveness pathways. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 63(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2026-0005
  8. Berning, T. (2025). Design of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Hydrogen, 6(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6020030
  9. Chen, Y., Ma, H., & Hsiao, B. S. (2026). Structural design and performance optimization of proton exchange membranes for water electrolysis: A review. Membranes, 16(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16020054
  10. Ahaotu, M. C., Ogbogu, C. E., Thornburg, J., & Akwukwaegbu, I. O. (2025). Simulation of PEM electrolyzer power management with renewable generation in Owerri, Nigeria. Energies, 18(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010208
  11. Backurs, A., Jansons, L., Zemite, L., Laizans, A., Cnubben, P., Kronkalns, D. & Starikovs, A. (2026). Optimising BOP for green hydrogen production in PEM electrolysis. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 63(2), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2026-0011
  12. Rey, J., Delgado, C., Segura, F., & Andújar, J. M. (2026). Modularisation analysis for scaling hydrogen production: High-power single-electrolyser vs. multiple-smaller-electrolyser plants. Hydrogen, 7(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010004
  13. Saeed, M., El-Hameed, M. A., Al-Hajri, E., & Kabbani, A. (2025). Water management strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A comprehensive review. Electrochem, 6(4), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem6040038
  14. An, L., Tian, Y., & Zhao, H. (2025). Research on water flow control strategy for PEM electrolyzer considering the anode bubble effect. Energies, 18(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020273
  15. Dawood, F., Shafiullah, G., & Anda, M. (2025). Hydrogen-enabled power systems: Technologies’ options overview and effect on the balance of plant. Hydrogen, 6(3), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6030057
  16. Endrődi, B., Trapp, C. A., Szén, I., Bakos, I., Lukovics, M., & Janáky, C. (2025). Challenges and opportunities of the dynamic operation of PEM water electrolyzers. Energies, 18(9), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092154
  17. Liu, G., Xia, W., Wang, G., Zhao, X., Hu, S., Fu, H., … & Li, Y. (2026). Experimental study on dynamic performance of a 50 kW PEM water electrolysis system for hydrogen production. Energies, 19(16), 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19163844
  18. Caparrós Mancera, J. J., Segura Manzano, F., Andújar, J. M., Vivas, F. J., & Calderón, A. J. (2020). An optimized balance of plant for a medium-size PEM electrolyzer: Design, control and physical implementation. Electronics, 9(5), 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050871
  19. Zhang, Z., Shen, Y., Ou, K., Liu, Z., & Xuan, D. (2025). PEMFC thermal management control strategy based on dual deep deterministic policy gradient. Hydrogen, 6(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6020020
  20. Abdallah, R. Y., Shaaban, M. F., Osman, A. H., Ali, A., Obaideen, K., & Albasha, L. (2025). Synergizing gas and electric systems using power-to-hydrogen: Integrated solutions for clean and sustainable energy networks. Smart Cities, 8(3), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8030081
  21. Fragiacomo, P., Genovese, M., Sarnè, R. S., Tropeano, M., & Piraino, F. (2026). From electrochemical calibration to system-level design of a 100 kW PEM reversible fuel cell system. Energies, 19(13), 3139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19133139
  22. Calderón, D., González, I., & Calderón, A. J. (2026). Real-world green hydrogen pilot plant based on a 30 kW electrolyzer: Implementation, operation and open-source supervision. Technologies, 14(7), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14070383
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2026-0037 | Journal eISSN: 2255-8896 (formerly 0868-8257) | Journal ISSN: 0868-8257
Language: English
Page range: 65 - 87
Published online: Sep 21, 2026
Published in print: Oct 1, 2026
Published by: Institute of Physical Energetics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 A. Backurs, L. Jansons, A. Laizans, A. Starikovs, V. Fiodarava, published by Institute of Physical Energetics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.