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        <title>Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences Feed</title>
        <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/LPTS</link>
        <description>Sciendo RSS Feed for Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2026 05:34:11 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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            <title>Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences Feed</title>
            <url>https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64723e48215d2f6c89dc15c1/cover-image.jpg</url>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/LPTS</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Institute of Physical Energetics</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparative Thermal Analysis of Slotless and Slotted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0010</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0010</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The paper presents an extended comparative thermal analysis of slotless and slotted permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). To position the investigated motor topologies within modern drive system development, a brief classification-based background on slotless motors is included. Analytical lumped-parameter thermal models are derived to describe copper loss generation, temperature-dependent resistance, volumetric heat source implementation, and stator-to-ambient heat transfer. Three-dimensional thermal simulations performed in Autodesk Fusion are used to compare temperature fields and thermal gradients for both motor constructions under identical operating conditions. The results show that slotless PMSMs reach lower peak winding temperatures and exhibit a more uniform temperature distribution, primarily due to the absence of stator teeth and reduced internal thermal resistance. These findings support the application of slotless PMSMs in high-efficiency and high-reliability drive systems.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Investigation of Temperature Impact on Physical Parameters of an Electric Discharge in Electrostatic Precipitator]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0014</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0014</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Research in electric discharge and industrial applications led to the requirement of advanced engineering materials that can withstand various temperatures without significantly affecting their properties. This paper aims to analyse the behaviour of electric discharge in wire-to-plane electrostatic precipitators as a function of temperature. In wire-to-plane electrostatic precipitators at varying temperatures, the physical parameters, including the current-voltage characteristic, onset voltage, corona conductance, electric field, and current density distributions of the discharge DC corona, were experimentally examined, with the corona discharge serving as the ionization source. This project involved the design and construction of an experimental cell to regulate its internal temperature. The current density and electric field were ascertained using the Tassicker model and a statistical analysis with the regression model validated the current-voltage characteristics. The increase in temperature correlated with a rise in the corona current at the collector plate, while the onset voltage diminished. The applied voltage and temperature significantly influenced the properties of corona current density and the electric field. The temperature for a given atmospheric condition strongly affected the discharge current, according to the experimental results. Changing the values of temperature not only changed the property of the gas but also affected the corona onset conditions and ion mobility.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Knowledge Mapping Approach and Discussion of Humanisation Challenges]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0016</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0016</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is transforming traditional teaching paradigms, opening up new possibilities for personalised, effective, and accessible learning; meanwhile, the discussion about ethical usage and bias is still growing. This study uses a knowledge mapping approach to explore the research landscape of AI in education by systematically analysing key research topics, trends, and knowledge gaps. It also discusses and explores the emerging debates on the use of AI as a “humanizer” and its impact on academic integrity. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on Scopus-indexed publications from 1976 to 2026. Network visualisation methods implemented in VOSviewer were used to examine publication growth, patterns of international collaboration, most influential studies, keyword co-occurrence patterns, and bibliographic relationships at the journal level. The results demonstrate the evolutionary nature of artificial intelligence applications all over the world from the perspectives of most cited works, collaborations among countries etc., the interdisciplinary collaborations that drive innovations, and the ethical issues associated with its implementation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research highlighting the main trends, like countries with the most contribution in AI research in education are the USA and China, the biggest rise of AI research was seen from 2020 and 2024. However, despite the fact that AI is strongly influencing education processes, the study also discusses ethical aspects, like what should be done (and what can be at all), if a text is humanised?
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Determinants of Renewable Energy Consumption in Asia: The Role of Institutional Quality and Evidence from the Linear and Non-Linear Analyses]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0015</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0015</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This study examines the impact of economic growth, CO2 emissions, trade openness, and financial development on renewable energy consumption from 1998 to 2020 in 30 Asian countries, divided into two groups of low institutional quality and high institutional quality. The research methods include two-step Generalized Method of Moments, Panel-Corrected Standard Errors, and Feasible Generalized Least Square estimation methods for linear empirical investigation and the dynamic panel threshold model for non-linear investigation. The results show that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and institutional quality with renewable energy consumption. Specifically, countries with high economic growth, financial development, and institutional quality will have higher renewable energy consumption. In contrast, countries with low institutional quality that increase CO2 emissions tend to hinder renewable energy consumption. Meanwhile, trade openness has no significant impact on renewable energy consumption regardless of the institutional quality of the country.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of Solar Radiation Measurements, Model Simulations, and Reanalysis Data in Urban Areas]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0009</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0009</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The study presents a comparative analysis of solar radiation data from ground-based measurements conducted at the Botanical Garden in Riga. The measurements, recorded at one-minute intervals, were compared with corresponding datasets from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Radiation Service, the DWD-ICON numerical weather prediction model, and the ERA5 reanalysis. The high temporal resolution of the ground-based data enables the detection of short-term fluctuations caused by transient cloud events, which are often smoothed out in model or reanalysis datasets with coarser (15-minute to hourly) resolution. Results show that CAMS generally reproduces the seasonal and diurnal patterns of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) with good accuracy but tends to overestimate peak radiation values, while ERA5 underestimates GHI under clear-sky summer conditions. To improve comparability, a LIDAR-based shading correction was applied using local obstruction data (vegetation and buildings), which increased the overall accuracy index up to 84 %. The findings highlight the importance of integrating high-resolution ground-based measurements with reanalysis and model outputs for solar energy applications in urban environments, where local shading and fine-scale atmospheric dynamics play a critical role.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Physics-Aware IoT Simulation Framework for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Electronic Laboratory System]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0013</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0013</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The study presents a physics-aware simulation framework developed in Python to emulate Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems for electronic laboratory environments. The framework generates synthetic sensor data for temperature, humidity, and light intensity, representing environmental parameters that often influence the performance, stability, and safety of laboratory electronics and optoelectronic components. By implementing programmable threshold logic and real-time alert dispatch through RESTful APIs, the system enables automated detection of parameter exceedances and notification delivery without the need for physical hardware. The simulation supports both batch and real-time modes, allowing flexible emulation of thermal fluctuations, ambient light shifts, and humidity drift in controlled settings. Application scenarios include overheating prevention in laser-driven devices, monitoring of ambient light in optical benches, and detecting environmental drift in sensitive experiments such as photoemission or cryogenic setups. The results demonstrate reliable threshold crossing detection with response times under 2 seconds and support multivariate data visualisation to identify compound stress conditions. This framework is particularly suited for early-stage prototyping, instructional use, and safety validation in physics-oriented laboratories. By combining domain-specific sensor modelling with IoT-based control logic, the proposed method offers a low-cost and extensible backend for responsive laboratory monitoring and smart alert systems.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Optimising Bop for Green Hydrogen Production in PEM Electrolysis]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0011</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0011</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The study investigates the optimisation of Balance of Plant (BOP) subsystems in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser systems for green hydrogen production. The research highlights that BOP is not a secondary support unit, but a core contributor to overall efficiency, reliability, safety, and cost performance. Literature-based evidence indicates that 40–60 % of the total installed PEM electrolyser CAPEX is linked to BOP components rather than the stack itself. BOP inefficiencies can reduce net system efficiency by up to 10 percentage points, suggesting that high stack performance may still lead to weak plant-level results. Key BOP subsystems assessed include water purification, thermal management, power electronics, gas handling and purification, compression and storage, and control/safety systems. PEM electrolysis requires ultrapure water with conductivity below 0.1 µS/cm and stable operating temperatures typically between 50 and 80 °C. A quantitative case study of a 10 MW PEM plant is used to illustrate subsystem-level impacts on cost and energy consumption. In this case study, BOP energy consumption is approximately 6–10 kWh/kg H₂, with major losses from power electronics (3–4 kWh/kg) and compression/storage (2–4 kWh/kg). Total electricity use is assumed at 55 kWh/kg H₂, including BOP losses. With 6,000 operating hours/year, the plant produces about 1.09 million kg H₂/year (≈1,091 t/year). Under a base electricity price of 50 EUR/MWh, annual electricity cost reaches ~3.0 million EUR/year. Total CAPEX is assumed at 900 EUR/kW, resulting in 9.0 million EUR investment for the 10 MW plant. Using a 20-year lifetime and 8 % discount rate, the calculated LCOH is approximately 3.8 EUR/kg H₂. The results confirm that BOP optimisation is essential for reducing parasitic losses, improving net efficiency, and lowering the levelized cost of hydrogen.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Latent Space Forecasting: An Integrated VAE-LSTM Framework for End-to-End Sequential Reconstruction]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0012</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0012</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The forecasting of high-fidelity, transient fluid flows remains a formidable computational challenge due to the high-dimensional and non-linear nature of the data produced by numerical simulations. The study presents a novel hybrid deep-learning framework to address this challenge by combining a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for the efficient spatiotemporal prediction of flow fields around a NACA 0012 airfoil. The VAE first learns a compressed, low-dimensional latent representation of the high-dimensional flow data, which includes pressure and velocity components, achieving effective dimensionality reduction while preserving essential spatial features. An LSTM network then learns the temporal dynamics within this latent space to forecast future states. The model was trained and validated on a dataset of 300 time-step snapshots, successfully generating a 15-step-ahead forecast. Results demonstrate the model’s high accuracy, with a key metric – the maximum velocity magnitude – predicted with only a 3.8 % error compared to the ground truth simulation data. This study validates the VAE-LSTM architecture as a powerful and computationally efficient tool for forecasting complex fluid dynamics, offering significant potential for applications in real-time control and design optimisation where rapid prediction is critical.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Fracture and Pull-Out Behaviour of Basalt Composite Fibres in OSA-Based Cementitious Matrix Assessed by DCB Testing Approach]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0002</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The fracture and pull-out behaviour of vertically aligned basalt composite fibres embedded in an oil shale ash (OSA)-based cementitious matrix was investigated using the double cantilever beam (DCB) test. OSA replaced cement at 0 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 35 % to reduce carbon emissions and improve the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete. The basalt fibres were oriented vertically, perpendicular to the fracture plane, and aligned with the loading direction to facilitate accurate assessment of the pull-out mechanisms during crack initiation and propagation. The DCB test involved two notched concrete beams joined by a thin fibre-reinforced layer, which enabled controlled crack opening. Specimens with varying OSA content were evaluated for peak load, fracture energy, interfacial bond strength, and fibre pull-out. The results indicated that vertical fibre alignment enhanced load transfer and inter-facial resistance, resulting in higher pull-out forces and improved crack-bridging compared to random fibre placement. Incorporating a moderate amount of OSA improved fracture performance by strengthening the matrix–fibre interface and promoting more ductile failure. Specifically, 10–15 % OSA produced notable improvements in fracture resistance and fibre–matrix bonding, shifting the failure mode from brittle, matrix-dominated to a more ductile, pull-out–controlled process. On the contrary, 35 % of OSA reduced the strength of the interfacial bond due to matrix dilution. Force–displacement curves demonstrated that optimally modified mixtures dissipated more energy and delayed crack propagation. Post-test examination of fibres and force–displacement data confirmed a transition from brittle fracture to gradual pull-out, primarily attributed to enhanced fibre–matrix adhesion. In general, OSA-modified matrices with vertically aligned basalt fibres demonstrated significant potential for developing durable, high-strength, and crack-resistant cementitious composites.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Performance Efficiency of PEM Electrolyzer Stacks with Nano-Coated Titanium PTLS and Bipolar Plates]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0004</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0004</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The study presents an industrial-scale evaluation of two PEM electrolyser stacks incorporating Naco-engineered titanium coatings on porous transport layers (PTLs) and bipolar plates. Stack 0316/44 included both coated PTLs and coated bipolar plates, while Stack 0317/44 utilised only coated PTLs. Both stacks were conditioned for 40 hours at 15 bar and subsequently tested at current densities of 0.6 and 1.2 A cm−2. At 150 A, the total voltages measured were 89.8 V for 0316/44 and 88.9 V for 0317/44, whereas at 300 A, they reached 99.3 V and 102.8 V, respectively. Gas purity remained within safe limits, with residual oxygen (O2) in hydrogen (H2) ranging from 14 ppm to 31 ppm and H2 crossover remaining below 0.7 % across all tests. Integrated operation in the SIRIO 1000 system at 300 A produced the combined voltages of 106.0 V and 104.0 V for the two stacks. Average power consumption during joint operation was 5.75 kW/Nm³, approximately 10–20 % higher than that of standard industrial stacks. The results confirm the stable operation and acceptable gas-separation performance of the coated components under high-pressure, high-current conditions, while also identifying efficiency gaps that require further optimisation. The study provides the first comparative industrial assessment of the coated PEM stack architectures and establishes a foundation for future durability and optimisation studies.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Short Review of Turquoise Hydrogen Production via Methane Pyrolysis Over Catalytic Systems]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0001</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The review provides a short summary of the production of turquoise hydrogen using catalytic methane pyrolysis, focusing on transition metal (Fe, Ni, Co) and carbon-based catalysts. Methane pyrolysis enables the production of CO2-free hydrogen, with solid carbon serving as a valuable by-product. Fe, Ni, and Co catalysts are highlighted due to their strong C–H activation capacity, high activity, and economic feasibility. In turn, carbon-based catalysts offer high thermal stability and resistance to coking, providing a longer catalyst lifetime. Other materials, such as noble metals or complex oxides, are less considered due to the cost, limited scalability, or lower selectivity in solid carbon formation. Focusing on combined cocatalysts and carbon systems provides a balance between catalytic performance, durability, and economic viability, which is the most practical direction for promoting sustainable turquoise hydrogen production.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Verification of a Low-Cost Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Tester for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Investigations]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0007</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0007</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are increasingly prevalent in modern electronic devices. One contributing factor is the ongoing pressure to reduce production costs, which can lead to design compromises that negatively impact EMC performance. EMC measurements are often complex and typically require specialised facilities and instrumentation, such as anechoic chambers and spectrum analysers, to ensure accurate assessments. In this study, low-cost, handheld electromagnetic field (EMF) testers are presented as valuable tools for preliminary electromagnetic interference (EMI) investigations. Measurements indicate that these simple testers can serve as effective initial instruments for EMC assessments. However, accurate interpretation of measurement results is crucial. Adherence to general usage guidelines is essential, as misinterpretation may lead to an overestimation of EMC issues. For comprehensive analysis, particularly in identifying complex interference sources, more sophisticated measurement instrumentation remains necessary, such as a spectrum analyser and various types of antennas.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Studies on the Behaviour of LDPE Film under the Action of an Electric Field]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0003</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0003</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The study aims to examine the impact of an electric field on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples and the subsequent evolution of their physical and chemical characteristics. The effect of an electric field on polyethylene samples has been studied using the following methods: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and electrical measurements. The results prove that structural and morphological changes in polyethylene also determine alterations to its electrical properties.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Modelling Tools for Engineering-Level Planning of Energy Communities: A Review]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0006</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0006</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Energy communities (EnCs) are emerging as a key mechanism for integrating distributed renewable energy resources and enhancing demand-side flexibility. Selecting appropriate modelling tools is critical for engineering-level planning of EnCs, including technology sizing and operational strategies. The paper combines a review of recent studies with a comparative analysis of selected modelling tools, outlining their capabilities, strengths, and limitations, with a focus on technical capabilities and usability. The findings reveal a growing availability of comprehensive open-source modelling tools, which are well-suited for advanced engineering-level planning of EnCs but require programming skills and expertise in energy system modelling. In contrast, commercial tools offer higher usability and are better suited for feasibility studies. Future development is expected to enhance their representation of demand-side flexibility.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Citizen Motivation and Collective Action in the Development of Energy Communities: A Case Study of Latvia]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0008</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0008</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

In line with the objective endorsed by the Council of the European Union, a climate-neutral European Union must be achieved by 2050. This means significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the EU by 2050 and finding ways to offset residual and unavoidable emissions. Energy communities, in particular, are seen as citizen-led energy actions that will help pave the way for a clean energy transition. Along with the European Union’s objective of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, the involvement of citizens in the energy transition and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is of paramount importance. One way to facilitate the transition is through the creation of energy communities: citizen-led initiatives that promote the use of renewable energy sources and local energy production. However, the success of these initiatives depends not only on regulatory and technological conditions, but also on citizens’ willingness to cooperate and act collectively. The paper explores what would motivate Latvian residents to participate in energy communities and assesses their potential for engagement, with a particular focus on multi-apartment buildings and their potential role in energy communities. Drawing on a theoretical literature review and survey data, the study assesses the awareness, motivation, and barriers to the development of energy communities among the public and building managers. It provides an in-depth analysis of residents’ attitudes and their potential for participation in Latvia – a country where the concept of energy communities is still relatively new and largely unexplored. The results of the study show that residents prefer economic benefits over the benefits of the local community or the environment, and also show the small experience of the population in collective action. These findings of the study contribute to a broader understanding of the social aspects of the European energy transition in the case of Latvia and are useful for both policy makers and local governments, which should take the lead in organising and coordinating the development of energy communities.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From Electricity Prices to Hydrogen Costs: Evaluating Green Hydrogen Competitiveness Pathways]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0005</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2026-0005</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Green hydrogen produced via water electrolysis is a key pillar of the European Union’s decarbonisation strategy for hard-to-abate sectors. However, its economic competitiveness remains highly uncertain in small, electricity-importing power systems characterised by volatile wholesale electricity prices. The study assesses the techno-economic viability of grid-connected green hydrogen production in Latvia under current and near-term electricity market conditions. A comparative analysis is conducted for alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton exchange membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), and solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC) using industry-standard performance parameters and European cost benchmarks for the 2023–2024 period. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is calculated on an ex-plant basis using observed Latvian electricity prices for 2025, a uniform economic lifetime of 15 years, and a weighted average cost of capital of 10 %.
Results indicate that electricity prices are the dominant cost driver, accounting for more than two-thirds of total hydrogen production costs under high-price conditions. At electricity prices around EUR 85/MWh, the LCOH ranges from approximately EUR 6.1–6.6/kg for AWE and PEM, exceeding the cost of conventional hydrogen production via steam methane reforming (SMR) and SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Sensitivity analysis confirms a near-linear relationship between electricity prices and hydrogen costs, with a reduction of EUR 1/MWh lowering LCOH by approximately EUR 0.052/kg for low-temperature electrolysis technologies. Competitiveness thresholds are derived analytically: achieving an LCOH of EUR 5/kg requires electricity prices below approximately EUR 50/MWh, while an LCOH of EUR 4/kg requires prices below approximately EUR 32/MWh, excluding compression. Additional electricity demand for hydrogen compression further tightens these thresholds.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Modelling and Analysis of Systems Using Petri Nets: Manufacturing and Task Management Cases]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0043</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0043</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Reduction methods are widely used to simplify complex models, particularly for Petri nets, which model discrete event systems. Although effective in limiting combinatorial explosion, these methods have potentially critical flaws, especially by reducing the state space in a way that may obscure behaviours or states essential to comprehensive analysis. This paper proposes an approach to address these shortcomings by integrating reachability methods into the reduction process. By leveraging the ability of reachability methods to ensure the attainability of critical states while maintaining efficient state space reduction, this solution enhances the accuracy of complex system analysis while optimising computational resources. Two practical case studies of manufacturing system and task management system illustrate this approach and demonstrate its potential to improve the rigor of large-scale model analyses.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Innovative Landfill Gas Treatment System in Latvia: Evaluation of a Full-Scale Purification Prototype]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0045</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0045</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Landfill gas (LFG), a by-product of anaerobic waste decomposition, represents both an environmental liability and a renewable energy resource. This study presents the development and performance evaluation of a prototype LFG purification system installed at a major landfill in the Baltic region – Landfill A. The system integrates desulphurisation, cooling and drying, siloxane separation, and activated carbon filtration to ensure high-quality fuel gas for energy recovery. Gas quality was monitored at five treatment points to determine purification efficiency. The results demonstrated stable methane concentrations (55.8–56.6 %) throughout all stages, confirming minimal energy loss. Hydrogen sulfide levels decreased by more than 97 %, from 1930 mg/m³ to below 40 mg/m³, while ammonia was reduced by >99 %. Siloxane compounds, a major cause of engine damage, were almost completely removed (>99.8 % reduction). Volatile organic compounds decreased by ~89 % overall, with final concentrations of ~65 mg/m³. The prototype achieved its design flow of 1500 m³/h, supplying three CHP units with 2.8 MW of instantaneous electrical output. These findings confirm the system’s effectiveness, modularity, and applicability for broader deployment in EU waste-to-energy facilities. The technology enables cost-efficient energy recovery, compliance with EU environmental standards, and the potential future upgrading of LFG to biomethane for injection into natural gas grids or use as transport fuel.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Reduced Order Modelling for the Drone Flow Field: Autoencoder-Driven Nonlinear Compression Versus Pod]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0044</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0044</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Reduced-order modelling (ROM) is a computational technique that approximates the high-dimensional fidelity data by projecting onto a lower-dimensional subspace, while preserving dominant physical features of the multi-physics simulation data. This study presents a systematic comparison of two established dimensionality-reduction techniques – proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and autoencoders (AEs) – for reducing dimensionality, while preserving the dominant physical features of the drone flow field. While POD employs linear subspace projection through singular value decomposition (SVD) to capture the energy dominant modes, the effectiveness of capturing the nonlinear relationship is limited. Since drone flow field data represents a complex multi-physics relationship, POD exhibits lesser capability of capturing maximum nonlinearity in the dataset while projecting onto subspace. In contrast, AE demonstrates superior reconstruction from the latent space, which the author of the study quantifies using performance metrics such as Mean Square Error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). POD achieves lower MSE of 0.0352 vs. AE achieved a reconstruction error of 0.0491 and demonstrated superior variance retention with R2 = 0.951 (95.1 %) compared to POD’s R2 = 0.781 (78.1 %), indicating stronger preservation of nonlinear features. With regard to data compression, the second aspect for the ROM selection, AE outperformed in the compression ratio of 23.37x compared to 3.61x of POD. This study explores computational requirements, revealing that AE demands greater resources than POD. While POD relies on a single SVD, AE requires training and testing with iterative gradient descent across multiple layers and back-propagation to capture the effective representations of a nonlinear dataset.
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            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparison of Existing Methods for Purifying Gases from Ship Propulsion Engines]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0046</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/lpts-2025-0046</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This study presents a comprehensive review of current technologies used to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ship propulsion systems in maritime transport. It compares the operational principles, environmental impacts, and economic feasibility of each method. The analysis highlights the advantages and limitations of established and emerging solutions, with particular attention to their effectiveness in pollutant removal and waste generation. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated and sustainable emission control technologies, and identify hydrogen-based propulsion and microwave technology or electrochemical systems as promising directions for future development.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
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