Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Numerical Investigation and Aerodynamic Configuration Optimisation of a VTOL Flying Wing UAV Cover

Numerical Investigation and Aerodynamic Configuration Optimisation of a VTOL Flying Wing UAV

Open Access
|Aug 2026

References

  1. Bliamis, C., Zacharakis, I., Kaparos, P., & Yakinthos, K. (2021). Aerodynamic and stability analysis of a VTOL flying wing UAV. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1024, Article 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1024/1/012039
  2. Mitridis, D., Bliamis, C., Kaparos, P., & Yakinthos, K. (2021). Design of a tilting mechanism for a VTOL flying wing UAV. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1024, Article 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1024/1/012056
  3. Ducard, G. J. J., & Allenspach, M. (2021). Review of designs and flight control techniques of hybrid and convertible VTOL UAVs. Aerospace Science and Technology, 118, Article 107035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.107035
  4. Mukhamediev, R., Amirgaliyev, Y., Kuchin, Y., Aubakirov, M., Terekhov, A., Merembayev, T., … & Tabynbayeva, L. (2023). Operational mapping of salinization areas in agricultural fields using machine learning models based on low-altitude multispectral images. Drones, 7(6), Article 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7060357
  5. Mukhamediev, R. I., Symagulov, A., Kuchin, Y., Zaitseva, E., Bekbotayeva, A., Yakunin, K., … & Akzhalova, A. (2021). Review of some applications of unmanned aerial vehicles technology in the resource-rich country. Applied Sciences, 11(21), Article 10171. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110171
  6. Lee, H., Sengupta, B., Araghizadeh, M. S., & Myong, R. S. (2022). Review of vortex methods for rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics. Advances in Aerodynamics, 4, Article 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-022-00111-3
  7. Eldegwy, M. H., Hetta, M. A., Nabawy, M. R. A., & Mohamady, O. (2024). Experimental investigation into the performance of UAV propellers at low Reynolds numbers. In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2674
  8. Nabawy, M. R. A., & Eldegwy, A. M. (2021). Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number Propellers for UAVs. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems.
  9. Laktionov, O., Shefer, O., Fryz, S., Gopejenko, V., & Kosenko, V. (2025). Development of a comprehensive indicator for diagnosing massive missile strikes. Advanced Information Systems, 9(2), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2025.2.06
  10. Demircan, I., & Cehiz, Z. Y. (2024). Evaluation of product lifecycle management and digital twin integration in aviation field. Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2024.7.2.0054
  11. Parlindungan, D. W., Akbar, M., & Moelyadi, M. A. (2025). Numerical study of a UAV with tandem wing under gust load influence using two-way fluid-structure interaction method. International Journal of Technology, 16(2), 613–624. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v16i2.6289
  12. Aljuhaishi, S., Al-Timimi, Y. K., & Wahab, B. I. (2024). Comparing turbulence models for CFD simulation of UAV flight in wind tunnel experiments: Comparing turbulence models. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, 52(3), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPtr.24004
  13. Ganesan, T., & Jayarajan, N. (2023). Aerodynamic analysis of mathematically modelled propeller for small UAV using CFD in different temperature conditions. Strojniški Vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 69(11–12), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2023.601
  14. Misra, A., Jayachandran, S., Kenche, S., Katoch, A., Suresh, A., Gundabattini, E., … & Legesse, A. A. (2022). A review on vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) tilt-rotor and tilt wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Journal of Engineering, 2022, Article 1803638. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1803638
  15. Liao, Y., Cheng, K., Sun, W., Zhao, Y., Jia, X., & Qi, W. (2024). Computational fluid dynamics analysis of aerodynamic characteristics in long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles. Heliyon, 10(19), Article e38804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38804
  16. Abdul Muta’ali, A. B., Mohd Nasir, R. E., & Kuntjoro, W. (2024). Aerodynamic investigation by experimental and computational simulation of a flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle for cargo delivery and surveillance missions. Aviation, 28(4), 264–278. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2024.22639
  17. Çakır, H., & Kurtuluş, D. F. (2022). Design and aerodynamic analysis of a VTOL tilt-wing UAV. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 30(3), 767–784. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-2105-59
  18. Lao, C. T., & Wong, E. T. T. (2018). CFD simulation of a wing-in-ground-effect UAV. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 370, Article 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/370/1/012006
  19. Hepperle, M. (n.d.). Airfoils for flying wings and tailless aircraft. MH-AeroTools. Available at: https://www.mh-aerotools.de/airfoils/foil_flyingwings.htm
  20. Abbott, I.H., & von Doenhoff, A.E. (1959). Theory of wing sections: Including a summary of airfoil data. Dover Publications, 1959.
  21. Anderson, J.D. (2016). Fundamentals of aerodynamics. McGraw-Hill Education.
  22. Anderson, J.D. (2017). Fundamentals of aerodynamics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  23. Hirschel, E. H., Rizzi, A., Breitsamter, C., & Staudacher, W. (2021). Separated and vortical flow in aircraft wing aerodynamics: Basic principles and unit problems. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61328-3.
  24. Anderson, J.D. (1995). Computational fluid dynamics: The basics with applications. McGraw-Hill.
  25. Versteeg, H.K., & Malalasekera, W. (2007). An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: The finite volume method (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.
  26. Dassault Systèmes. (2023). SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation: Technical reference. Dassault Systèmes.
  27. Versteeg, H.K., & Malalasekera, W. (2016). An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: The finite volume method (2nd ed.). Pearson.
  28. Computational FLUID DYNAMICS: Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and turbulence modeling approaches for aerodynamic applications. (2020). Aerospace Science and Technology.
  29. Zhang, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, K., & Li, X. (2020). Aerodynamic characteristics of different airfoils under varied turbulence intensities at low Reynolds numbers. Applied Sciences, 10(5), Article 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051706
  30. Carreño Ruiz, M., & D’Ambrosio, D. (2022). Validation of the γ-Reθ transition model for airfoils operating in the very low Reynolds number regime. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 109, 279–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-022-00331-z
  31. Xiao, M.-J., & She, Z.-S. (2020). Precise drag prediction of airfoil flows by a new algebraic model. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 36, 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-019-00911-9.
  32. Discussion on low Reynolds turbulence modeling and y+ requirements for airfoil CFD simulations. (2020). Reddit CFD Community.
  33. Computational Fluid Dynamics. Grid generation and adaptive mesh refinement techniques for aerodynamic simulations. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2021.
  34. Computational Fluid Dynamics. Numerical accuracy and discretization error estimation in CFD simulations. (2019). Applied Mathematical Modelling.
  35. Mesh Independence Study. Mesh convergence analysis for aerodynamic numerical simulations. (2022). Fluids.
  36. Longobardi, P., & Skaloud, J. Aerodynamic modeling of a delta-wing UAV for model-based navigation. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 15, 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-024-00727-9.
  37. Bardera, R., Rodríguez-Sevillano, Á. A., Barroso Barderas, E., & Matias Garcia, J. C. (2024). Computational study of aerodynamic effects of the dihedral and angle of attack of biomimetic grids installed on a mini UAV. Biomimetics, 9(1), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9010012
  38. Xin, H., Chen, Q., Zhu, B., Wang, P., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., & Hou, Z. (2024). Longitudinal attitude control and stability analysis for a low aspect ratio flying wing UAV at high angle of attack. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2024, Article 6336361. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6336361
  39. Kumar, V., Mandal, A. C., & Poddar, K. (2024). An experimental investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics and vortex dynamics of a flying wing. The Aeronautical Journal, 128(1326), 1681–1705. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2023.115
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2026-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2255-8896 (formerly 0868-8257) | Journal ISSN: 0868-8257
Language: English
Page range: 26 - 47
Published on: Aug 6, 2026
Published by: Institute of Physical Energetics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 V. Gopejenko, N. Sidenko, R. I. Mukhamediev, published by Institute of Physical Energetics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.