Abstract
The study explores emerging trends and strategies in electricity consumption optimisation for educational, commercial, and industrial facilities, focusing on the integration of digital technologies, smart metering, and tariff-driven energy management systems. In response to rising energy costs, environmental policy constraints, and the growing need for operational sustainability, these facility types are increasingly investing in tailored energy efficiency solutions. It identifies distinct patterns in consumption behaviour and optimisation tactics across facility categories, highlighting that educational institutions often rely on behavioural interventions and scheduling-based load management. At the same time, commercial buildings prioritise building automation systems and demand response participation. In contrast, industrial facilities adopt process-level optimisation, load shifting, and renewable integration to reduce peak demand and stabilise operational costs.
A multi-method approach has been applied, combining energy consumption case studies, time-of-use data analysis, and stakeholder interviews. The results reveal that data-driven electricity consumption tracking, combined with dynamic pricing awareness and customised load control strategies, significantly reduces energy waste and improves economic performance. Additionally, the adoption of energy management systems, when linked to real-time consumption data and production cycles, leads to enhanced energy autonomy, particularly in industrial facilities. The study emphasises the importance of cross-sectoral learning, stan-dardised performance benchmarking, and the role of digital infrastructure in enabling adaptive energy consumption practices. It concludes that future optimisation efforts must align not only with cost reduction but also with broader goals of energy resilience and decarbonisation. These findings contribute to the understanding of sector-specific optimisation pathways and inform the development of integrated electricity consumption strategies that support both operational efficiency and policy compliance.