Main estimation results
| VARIABLES | (1) Shirking time | (2) Share of shirking | (3) Being a shirker | (4) Shirking time | shirkers | (5) Share of shirking | shirkers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Being male | 1.871*** (0.508) | 0.002** (0.001) | 0.016** (0.007) | 1.602*** (0.605) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Age | 0.060*** (0.020) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.077*** (0.024) | 0.000*** (0.000) |
| Educ.: Secondary | -1.307 (1.956) | -0.002 (0.003) | 0.006 (0.020) | -1.602 (2.092) | -0.002 (0.003) |
| Educ.: University | -4.240** (2.010) | -0.007** (0.003) | -0.037* (0.021) | -3.217 (2.167) | -0.005 (0.004) |
| Being white | -4.329*** (0.593) | -0.008*** (0.001) | -0.060*** (0.007) | -2.350*** (0.677) | -0.004*** (0.001) |
| Being Hispanic | -3.948*** (0.633) | -0.006*** (0.001) | -0.057*** (0.008) | -1.810** (0.717) | -0.002 (0.001) |
| Living in couple | -1.197** (0.489) | -0.002*** (0.001) | -0.009 (0.006) | -1.187** (0.568) | -0.002** (0.001) |
| Family size | 0.398* (0.225) | 0.001 (0.000) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.391 (0.263) | 0.001 (0.000) |
| Having children | -2.181*** (0.625) | -0.003*** (0.001) | -0.013 (0.008) | -2.360*** (0.732) | -0.003** (0.001) |
| Full time worker | 13.338*** (0.921) | 0.021*** (0.002) | 0.204*** (0.011) | 6.569*** (1.195) | 0.006*** (0.002) |
| Public sector worker | 1.928*** (0.650) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.026*** (0.008) | 1.248 (0.772) | 0.004*** (0.001) |
| Supervised worker | 10.017*** (1.236) | 0.016*** (0.002) | 0.098*** (0.015) | 8.472*** (1.467) | 0.013*** (0.003) |
| Weekly work hours | -0.134*** (0.029) | -0.001*** (0.000) | -0.003*** (0.000) | -0.017 (0.038) | -0.001*** (0.000) |
| Weekday | 4.410*** (0.604) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.078*** (0.007) | 1.075 (0.825) | -0.000 (0.002) |
| Weekly earnings | -0.003*** (0.000) | -0.000*** (0.000) | -0.000*** (0.000) | -0.002*** (0.001) | -0.000*** (0.000) |
| Constant | 22.753*** (3.122) | 0.063*** (0.005) | 0.551*** (0.039) | 39.992*** (3.576) | 0.111*** (0.006) |
| Occupation fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| State fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 45,054 | 45,054 | 45,054 | 30,059 | 30,059 |
| R-squared | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.066 | 0.028 | 0.036 |
Summary statistics
| VARIABLES | Mean | S. Dev |
|---|---|---|
| Shirking time | 31.477 | 35.985 |
| Share of shirking | 0.058 | 0.064 |
| Being a shirker | 0.667 | 0.667 |
| Being male | 0.542 | 0.498 |
| Age | 39.51 | 12.71 |
| Educ.: Primary | 0.018 | 0.132 |
| Educ.: Secondary | 0.639 | 0.480 |
| Educ.: University | 0.343 | 0.475 |
| Being white | 0.820 | 0.384 |
| Being Hispanic | 0.176 | 0.381 |
| Living in couple | 0.550 | 0.498 |
| Family size | 3.106 | 1.518 |
| Having children | 0.529 | 0.499 |
| Full time worker | 0.854 | 0.353 |
| Public sector worker | 0.167 | 0.373 |
| Supervised worker | 0.501 | 0.500 |
| Weekly work hours | 41.61 | 11.39 |
| Weekly earnings | 869.0 | 632.0 |
| N. Individuals | 45,054 | |