Efficiency of conversion coatings against activation of galvanized steel in model concrete pore solutions

P. Pokorný

doi:10.2478/kom-2013-0014

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Efficiency of conversion coatings against activation of galvanized steel in model concrete pore solutions

Koroze a ochrana materiálu

Volume 57 (2013): Issue 4 (December 2013)

By: P. Pokorný

Open Access

|Feb 2014

Abstract

The review paper describes mostly conversion coatings, which, referring to previous research studies, may provide protection to galvanized steel against corrosion in an active state concurrently with the evolution of hydrogen in fresh concrete. Each type of coating is discussed in terms of the mechanism of its formation, its composition and basic properties, or , as the case may be, its resistance in the alkaline environment. The applicable legislation relating to the use of coatings based on galvanised steel is mentioned as well as corrosion tests of coatings in model pore solutions or in real concrete.

References

1. Pokorný P.; Vliv koroze zinkované oceli na soudržnost s betonem, Koroze a ochrana materiálu, 56 (4), 119-135.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
2. Ryant L., Vorel J.; Kotvení pozinkovné výztuže, laboratorní práce, SPŠS-Josefa Gočára, Praha 2008, s. 8.
Search in Google Scholar
3. Huňka P., Sutner O; Srovnávací zkoušky vytahování nepozinkované a pozinkované výztuže z betonu, protokol o zkoušce. České vysoké učení technické - Kloknerův ústav, 2011.
Search in Google Scholar
4. Tashiro Ch. a kol. Bond strength between C3S paste and iron, cooper and zinc wire and microstructure of interface. Cement and Concrete Research,, 13, 377-382.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
5. Macias A., Andrade C., Corrosion of galvanized steel reinforcements in alkaline solutions. (Part 1: Electrochemical results), British Corrosion Journal, 22 (2).
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
6. Macias A., Andrade C., Corrosion of galvanized steel reinforcements in alkaline solutions (Part 2: SEM study and identifi cation of corrosion products), British Corrosion Journal, 22 (2).
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
7. Blanco M; a kol. SEM study of the corrosion products of galvanized reinforcements immersed in solutions in the pH range 12,6-13,6, British Corrosion Journal, 19 (1).
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
8. Eriksson H.; a kol. Příručka žárového zinkování, 3rd ed.; AČSZ Ostrava, 2009.
Search in Google Scholar
9. Hamad B.; a kol. Bond strength of hot dip galvanized reinforcement in normal strength concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 19, 275-283.
Search in Google Scholar
10. Mike J., Bond of hot dip galvanized reinforcement in concrete. Master of engineering thesis, The American university of Beirut-Department of civil and environmental engineering of the faculty of engineering and architecture, 2001.
Search in Google Scholar
11. Kendig M.W., Buchheit R.G.; Corrosion inhibition of aluminium and aluminium alloys by soluble chromates, chromate coatings, and chromate-free coatings, Corrosion, 59 (5), 379-400.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
12. Krejčík V. Povrchová úprava kovů I; SNTL: Praha, 1987.
Search in Google Scholar
13. Nařízení komise EU č. 348/2013 ze 17. 4. 2013 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:108:0001:0005:CS:PDF; cit. 4.11. 2013) s. 5.
Search in Google Scholar
14. Nařízení evropského parlamentu a rady (ES) č. 1907/2006 o registraci hodnocení, povolování a omezování chemických látek, o zřízení Evropské agentury pro chemické látky, o změně směrnice 1999/45/ES a o zrušení nařízení rady (EHS) č. 793/93, nařízení komise (ES) číslo 1488/94, směrnice Rady 76/769/EHS a směrnice Komise 91/155/ EHS, 93/67/EHS, 93/67/EHS, 93/105/ES a 2000/21/ ES (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:136:0003:0280:cs:PDF; cit. 4. 11. 2013), s. 278.
Search in Google Scholar
15. Kortenkamp A. a kol. The generation of DNA singlestrand breakcs during the reduction of chromate by ascorbic acid and/or glutathione in vitro, Environmental Health Perspectives, 102 (3), 237-241.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
16. Suyuki Z. a kol, Reduction of hexavalent chromium bz ascorbic acid and glutathione with special reference to the rat lung, Archives of Toxicology, 64, 167-178.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
17. Kraus V. Povrchy a jejich úpravy, 1st, ZČU Plzeň, 2000.
Search in Google Scholar
18. Kocáb J. a kol.: Letadlové pohonné jednotky, 2nd, Nakladatelství dopravy a spojů, Praha 1991.
Search in Google Scholar
19. Magalhães A.A.O. a kol.: Electrochemical characterization of chromate coatings on galvanized steel,, 44, 4281-4287.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
20. Kouřil M., Koroze pozinkované oceli v modelovém pórovém roztoku betonu, 9. Konference žárového zinkování, 2003, 23-30.
Search in Google Scholar
21. Ostrá V., Žárově zinkovaná ocelová výztuž do betonu, 15th Žárového zinkování, 2009, 173-179.
Search in Google Scholar
22. Hluchý M., Haněk V., Strojírenská technologie 2-2díl, (Koroze, Základy obrábění, Výrobní postupy), 2. vydání, Scientia, Praha, 2001.
Search in Google Scholar
23. Szelag P., osobní sdělení.
Search in Google Scholar
24. Pokorný P., Mejta V., Szelag P., Příspěvek k teorii tvorby, kategorizaci a aplikaci fosfátových povlaků,, 55 (4), 146-153.
Search in Google Scholar
25. Pokorný P., Mejta V., Szelag P., Vylepšení potikorozních vlastností nátěrů prostřednictvím fosfátové povrchové úpravy,54 (4), 196-198.
Search in Google Scholar
26. Górecki G., Iron phosphate coatings-composition and corrosion resistance,, 48 (7), 613-616
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
27. Pokorný P., Klasifi kace fosfátových povlaků,, 6, 44-47.
Search in Google Scholar
28. Purnendu P. a kol., Room temperature metathetic synthesis and characterization of α-hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O,, 43, 1836-1841.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
29. Li L., Chhiu-Tsu L. SEM-EDS Investigation of Self- Phosphating Coatings,., 33, 3241-3246.
Search in Google Scholar
30. Pokorný P., Szelag P., Využití manganatého fosfátování při usnadnění záběhu točivých strojních součástí a snížení vlečného tření,4, 24-25.
Search in Google Scholar
31. Chao-Min W. a kol. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and electrochemical behavior of manganese phosphate coating,, 102, 207-213.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
32. Rausch W.,, 2nd ed.; Eugen G. Leuze Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1988.
Search in Google Scholar
33. Weng D., Jokiel P., Uebleis A., Boehni H., Corrosion and protection characteristics of zinc and manganese phosphate coatings,, 88, 147-156.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
34. Ogle K. a kol. The alkaline stability of phosphate coatings I: ICP atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry,, 46, 975-995.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
35. Tomandl A. a kol. The alkaline stability of phosphate coatings II: in situ Raman spectroscopy,, 46, 997-1011.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
36. Jiang L. a kol. The degradation of phosphate conversion coatings by electrochemically generated hydroxide,, 55, 76-89
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
37. Girčiene O., a kol. Corrosion behavior of phosphate reinforcing steel in alkaline media contaminated with chloride ions,, 19 (1), 14-19.
Search in Google Scholar
38. Bikulčius G.a kol. Corrosion behaviour in alkaline media of steel with various conversion coatings in concrete,, 76 (11), 1809-1813.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
39. Simescu F., Idrissi H., Effect of zinc phosphate chemical conversion coating on corrosion behavior of mild steel in alkaline medium: protection of rebars in reinforced concrete,, 9, 10 s.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
40. Simescu F., Idrissi H., Corrosion behaviour in alkaline medium of zinc phosphate coated steel obtained by cathodic electrochemical treatment,, 51, 833-840.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
41. Jalili M.M. a kol. The use of inorganic conversion coatings to enhance te corrosion resistance of reinforcement and the bond strength at te rebar/concrete,, 23, 233-238.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
42. Pokorný P., Szelag P., Oxalátování a tažení trub z korozivzdorných ocelí,, 4 (4), 18-19.
Search in Google Scholar
43. Chocholoušek J., osobní sdělení
Search in Google Scholar
44. Detner H.W.,Elze J. Handbuch der Galvanotechnik (Band III), Carl Hanser Verlag, Mϋnchen, 1969.
Search in Google Scholar
45. US Patent 3632452
Search in Google Scholar
46. US Patent 3806375
Search in Google Scholar
47. US Patent 3121033
Search in Google Scholar
48. US Patent WO 03/083171 A1
Search in Google Scholar
49. Prošek T., et al. Konverzní a orgnické povlaky s chromem v oxidačním stavu VI a jejich alternativy., 49 (2), 27-33.
Search in Google Scholar
50. Fahrenholz W.G. a kol. Characterization of cerium-based conversion coating for corrosion protection of aluminium alloys,, 155, 208-213.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
51. Lin X., An environmentally compliant cerium-based conversion coating for aluminium protection, PhD thesis, University of Missoury-Rolla, 1998.
Search in Google Scholar
52. Zhou H., Charakterization of conversion coating on 7075- T6 Al alloy, M.S. Thesis, University of Missoury-Rolla, 2001.
Search in Google Scholar
53. Rivera B.F. a kol. Deposition and characterization of cerium oxide conversion coatings on aluminium alloy 7075-T6,, 176, 349-356.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
54. Bohm S. a kol. Kinetic and mechanistick studies of rare earth-rich protective fi lm formation using in situ ellipsometry,, 147 (9), 3286.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
55. Aramaki K., Treatment of zinc surface with cerium (III) nitrate to prevent zinc corrosion in aerated 0.5 M NaCl., 43 (11), 2201-2215
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
56. Mirghasem H., a kol. Corrosion protection of electrogalvanized steel by green conversion coatings,, 25, 537-543.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
57. Montemor M.F., Composition and behaviour of cerium fi lm on galvanized steel,, 43, 274-281.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
58. Lu J. a kol. Growth and corrosion behaviour of rare earth fi lm on hot-dip galvanized steel,, 16, 1397-1401.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
59. Arenas M.A. Surface characterisation of cerium layers on galvanized steel,, 187, 320-325.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
60. Arenas M.A a kol., Infl uence of the conversion coating on the corrosion of galvanized reinforcing steel,, 28, 267-275.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
61. Sánchez M. kol., Electrochemical and analytical assessment of galvanized steel reinforcement pre-treated with Ce and La salts under alkaline media,, 28, 256-266.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
62. Thierry M., a kol. Organosilane technology in coating applications (Review and prespectives), Dow Corning free list (http://www.dowcorning.com/content/publishedlit/ 26-1402-01.pdf) s.16.
Search in Google Scholar
63. http://www.dynasylan.com/product/dynasylan/en/Pages/default.aspx
Search in Google Scholar
64. Palanivel V. a kol. Nanoparticle-fi lled silane fi lms as chromate replacements for aluminium alloys,, 384-392.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
56. http://www.chenchem.com.tw/00/Silane.pdf
Search in Google Scholar
66. Montemor M.F. a kol; The corrosion resistance of hot dip galvanized steel pretreated with Bis-functional silanes modifi ed with microsilica,, 200, 2875-2885.
Search in Google Scholar
67. Bexell U a kol. A corrosion study of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet pre-treated with γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane,, 201, 4734-4742.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
68. Torry S.A. a kol; Kinetic analysis of organosilane hydrolysis and condensation,, 26, 40-49.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
69. McMurry J; Organická chemie, 1. Vydání, VUTIUM, 2007, Brno.
Search in Google Scholar
70. Hostetler M.H; Reactions of primary organosilnes on transition metal surfaces. Identifi cation of the fi rst surfacebound silylynes,, 116, 11608-11609.
Search in Google Scholar
71. Aykasheva O.S. a kol; Usage of silanes when making protective coatings for metal by UV curing (http://archive.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/chem_biol/khphtp/2010_1_3/23.pdf), s. 333-337.
Search in Google Scholar
72. Graeve I. De; Silane coating of metal substrates (http://www.sintef.no/static/mt/norlight/ICEPAM/03-IDeGraeve_Brussels.pdf), 4.
Search in Google Scholar
73. Kong G., a kol. Post treatment of silane and cerium salt as chromate replacers on galvanized steel,, 27 (1), 163-168.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
74. Peng T. a kol., Rare earth and silane as chromate replacers for corrosion protection on galvanized steel,, 27 (1), 159-163.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
75. Ferreira M.G.S. a kol., Silanes and rare earth salts as chromate replacers for pre-treatments on galvanized steel,, 49, 2927-2935.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
76. Montemor M.F. a kol., Composition and corrosion behaviour of galvanized steel treated with rare-earth salts:the effect of the cation,, 44, 111-120.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
77. Montemor M.F. a kol; Modifi cation of bis-silane solutions with rare-earth cations for improved corrosion protection of galvanized steel substrates,, 57, 67-77.
Search in Google Scholar
78. Wienerová K. a kol; Koroze a ochrana zinkované oceli v prostředí betonu,, 54 (4), 148-154.
Search in Google Scholar