Russia’s Concept of Information Confrontation, a Double-Edged Sword

Russian information confrontation doctrine, a double-edged sword, encompassing cyber, propaganda, psychological operations, strategical messaging and forms of conventional sabotage, has focused its efforts in two directions, to adjust either internal domestic environment by securing the regime stability at home, or international democratic order by reshaping the offensive tools on its long-term power restoration strategy. To pursue its strategic objectives, the Kremlin utilizes information confrontation means alongside with other military and non-military techniques. The centre of gravity in the information confrontation consists in psychological effects and misleading in individuals’ minds and perception, both domestically and in relation to international events.