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            <title><![CDATA[The Unmanned Future Blitzkrieg. Multi-Domain Integration of Uncrewed Systems in Contemporary Battlespace Operations]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0031</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines a contemporary reinterpretation of Blitzkrieg as a multi-domain operational concept built around the integration of uncrewed systems in the air, on land, and at sea. Today, the focus has shifted toward multi-domain operations, which are designed to address the complexity of the current operational environment. This approach acknowledges the growing interdependence between different domains land, air, maritime, information (including cyber), and space, and emphasizes their integration into a coherent operational framework. While the German Blitzkrieg of 1940 relied on the coordinated use of mechanized forces, air power, and artillery, the future of rapid maneuver warfare is likely to take a different form. In my view, the future blitzkrieg, with a major impact on the future of military conflicts, is represented by multi-domain operations conducted through the integrated use of unmanned/uncrewed systems operating across air, land, and maritime environments.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Beyond Brittle Plans: Recalibrating EU Civil-Military Pre-Deployment Training for a Bani World]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0033</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[EU civil-military missions routinely achieve tactical success yet fail to generate durable strategic outcomes in fragile states, revealing critical deficiencies in pre-deployment preparation. This paper demonstrates that these limitations stem from a structural misalignment between existing training models and the demands of contemporary operational environments. While current frameworks remain grounded in assumptions of predictability and procedural coordination, missions increasingly unfold under conditions characterized by systemic fragility, persistent anxiety, non-linear dynamics, and epistemic uncertainty. Drawing on comparative evidence from EUCAP (European Union Capacity Building Mission) Sahel, EUBAM (European Union Integrated Border Management Assistance Mission) Libya, EUPOL (European Union Police Mission) Afghanistan, and developments in Ukraine (2022–2026), the paper identifies a gap between procedural training and adaptive operational requirements. It demonstrates that this gap is epistemic rather than operational, reflecting an overreliance on linear planning models. In addition, it proposes a reform framework based on anti-fragility, strategic patience, short-cycle adaptation, and epistemic humility.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Employee Performance and Organizational Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis of Recent Management and Business Literature]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Currently, organizations, in order to develop and cope with a complex, uncertain and ambiguous external environment, in which changes are increasingly rapid and unpredictable, must adapt; adopt flexible strategies and use effective management practices; invest in the development of employee skills and continuous learning, as well as in the development of their performance; stimulate organizational innovation. The paper maps the bibliometric relationship between employee performance and organizational performance in recent management and business literature. To determine this role, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results showed that the connection between the two topics is weak to moderate due to the fact that the two topics are approached differently: organizational performance is approached at the macro level, while employee performance is approached at the micro level.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Supply Chain Resilience in the Era of the Vulnerable Contemporary Economy]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[One of the main functions of the supply chain involves monitoring the flow of goods and data from raw materials all the way to the customer, using human resources, processes, and new technologies, with the aim of minimizing costs, improving logistics services, and ensuring resilience. Resilience is built, maintained, and implemented. Unpredictable situations and periods of fluctuation (ups and downs) can occur at any point in the supply chain, and the entire operation is affected by them. Thus, market volatility in the supply chain is influenced by unpredictable and rapid fluctuations in demand, supply, or prices, caused in part by increasingly frequent economic changes, shifting customer preferences, disruptive events, and armed conflicts between major powers. All of these factors combined create uncertainty and increase both operational risk and the difficulty of effectively planning the flow of goods. This paper consists of a study that uses both a theoretical and analytical framework to examine the development and resilience of supply chains under pressure from current economic conditions, as well as their vulnerability in the current economic climate. The research method is based on a descriptive and analytical analysis.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Survival of Artillery Units in the Modern Battlefield]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0019</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Maintaining artillery units in a state of operational readiness and protecting them from enemy actions in the areas of operations where they are deployed is an essential pillar in the effort to provide continuous, timely, and effective fire support to combat forces and achieve success. In this regard, we believe that military decision-makers must conduct a detailed analysis of all factors affecting the protection of these assets, so that there are no interruptions in the provision of fire support throughout the duration of military operations and across the entire area of operations of friendly forces. It is easy to understand that the loss of artillery support equates to a decrease in the mission success rate of the force group to which it belongs, which can lead to the inability to strike high-value or important enemy targets, with immediate effects on the dynamics of operations in the area of operations. This article analyzes the factors influencing the maintenance of artillery units’ operational readiness and the measures that can be taken to increase their survival rate in a modern, high-tech battlefield characterized by unprecedented dynamics.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From Swarm Drones to Predictive Intelligence: The Expanding Role of Ai in Military Resilience Under Vuca–Bani Conditions]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0028</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in military systems is reshaping contemporary warfare in a fundamental way, particularly under conditions defined by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA), as well as brittleness, anxiety, nonlinearity and incomprehensibility (BANI). This paper examines the role of AI as a key enabler of military resilience across three interconnected domains: autonomous systems, data-driven intelligence and cyber defense. It first analyzes AI-enabled swarm drones with a focus on decentralized coordination and operational robustness manifested in contested environments. Afterwards, it explores predictive intelligence platforms, such as Project Maven and commercial data fusion systems, thus leveraging machine learning for real-time intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) processing. Additionally, the paper investigates the applications of AI in cybersecurity regarding intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDS) and automated security operations. Beyond the technical capabilities, the paper emphasizes the critical role of civil-military collaboration, with a highlight on the dependence of military AI systems on dual-use technologies and private sector innovation, also addressing key challenges such as model reliability, adversarial threats and ethical accountability.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Resilient Leadership Under Bani Conditions: Doctrinal Foundations and Directions for Developing Future Military Leaders]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0029</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Contemporary security environments, increasingly characterized as brittle, anxious, nonlinear, and incomprehensible (BANI) — extending earlier VUCA frameworks — have fundamentally altered the demands placed on military leadership. Command-and-control structures, while foundational to military organization, have shown limited capacity to address the complex, ambiguous challenges that now define the operating environment. This paper investigates resilient leadership as a response to this doctrinal and institutional challenge. Drawing on NATO’s Mission Command philosophy, current Alliance competency frameworks, and recent academic literature, the paper argues that resilience — understood as the capacity to adapt, maintain effectiveness, and recover organizational function in the face of adversity and uncertainty — must be recognized as a core leadership requirement and a priority outcome of military education. The paper concludes by identifying directions through which military education programs might more systematically cultivate this capacity in future military leaders.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Small Drones and Battlefield Transparency: Isr-Strike Integration in Modern Military Operations]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0020</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines the influence of unmanned strike systems and video-audio surveillance technologies on military operations at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. Drawing on recent conflict analysis — particularly the Russo-Ukrainian war — and on a qualitative case study conducted during the joint combined-arms exercise Cadet 2025, organized by the Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy of Sibiu, the research argues that small drone platforms equipped with integrated video-audio sensors have fundamentally reconfigured the ISR-to-strike chain. The study demonstrates that such systems accelerate the decision-making cycle, enhance battlefield transparency, and extend organic reconnaissance capabilities to the lowest tactical echelons. A key finding is the functional interdependence between surveillance and strike: the same platform can sequentially observe, identify, transmit, support command decisions, and engage priority targets. The article further analyses differentiated effects across multiple branches — infantry, artillery, reconnaissance, engineers, armour, CBRN, logistics, and mountain troops — an analytical angle underrepresented in existing literature. At the strategic level, mass drone employment reshapes perceptions of information superiority and operational cost. The conclusions underscore that doctrinal, organizational, and educational adaptation is not optional but essential for future military effectiveness.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Enterprise GRC Platform: A Two-Stage Risk Scoring Model with AI-Assisted Risk Identification and Audit Workflow Integration]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In enterprise security, risk scores determine what gets fixed and what gets ignored. Most organisations rely on a 5x5 likelihood-impact matrix, a method shown to generate misleading rankings that treats control effectiveness as little more than a rounding factor. Moving from no controls to best-in-class controls shifts a score by fewer than three points on a 25-point scale, a gap too small to justify any investment decision. This paper presents the Enterprise GRC Risk Intelligence Platform, which separates Inherent Risk from Residual Risk using a two-stage model. Asset criticality is weighted from 0.60 to 1.60 and Control Effectiveness is modelled as a calibrated reduction from 5% to 90%, producing a 22-point residual risk differential compared to two points under the conventional formula. The platform covers 22 asset types and 14 threat categories, combines AI-assisted risk identification with structured analyst input, role-based access control, audit workflow with evidence upload, and alignment across NIST CSF 2.0, NIST RMF, ISO 27001, and Zero Trust. Validation across all 625 scoring combinations confirms strict monotonicity.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Command, Control, and Supply: Integrating C2 Theory into Military Supply Chain Resilience Models — Lessons for Romania and NATO’s Eastern Flank]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the relationship between Command and Control (C2) theory, the exercise of authority in military operations and Supply Chain Resilience (SCRes), the ability to recover from disruptions, within a military logistics framework, focused on Romania’s strategic position on NATO’s Eastern Flank. A systematic documentary analysis of four comparative cases was conducted: Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP), NATO Exercise Steadfast Defender 2024, the ongoing Ukraine conflict, and Romania’s integration into NATO collective logistics processes. C2 functions were mapped to the four SCRes phases: readiness, response, recovery, and growth. Results indicate that rapid decentralized decision-making and flexible resource allocation are primary antecedents to disruption recovery in military contexts. An integrated C2-SCRes framework is proposed, identifying research gaps in C2 digitalization, strategic stockpiling, and LOGFAS command integration.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Between Doctrine and Failure: The Political Dimension of Nato’s Comprehensive Approach in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[NATO’s Comprehensive Approach (CA) was designed to integrate military, political, and developmental instruments into a coherent stabilization strategy. Afghanistan (2001–2021) constituted its most extensive operational test — and in the political domain, it failed systematically. Drawing on SIGAR thematic reports as primary empirical sources, this article investigates how CA principles were applied to political governance across three operational phases. The analysis identifies three structural dysfunctions: inter-agency coordination failure, a mismatch between the transplanted governance model and local realities, and the paradoxical effects of resource allocation on political legitimacy. The central argument is that political failure was structural, not incidental — corruption functioned as a constitutive mechanism of the Afghan state rather than a symptom of its dysfunction, and external assistance progressively severed the social contract between the Kabul government and its citizens. The August 2021 collapse is interpreted as the political culmination of these failures, not a tactical defeat. The article offers an empirically grounded contribution to CA scholarship with actionable insights for NATO’s future complex operations.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Germany’s Role in the European Union’s Permanent Structured Cooperation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0030</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Germany plays a significant role in shaping the European Union’s Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), a defence collaboration framework intended to deepen the European military integration among the member states. This paper analyses the German contributions to the PESCO projects (either as a participant or as a coordinator), suggesting that Germany acts simultaneously as a catalyst for enhanced cooperation, as well as a consensus builder among the various national interests of the member states.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Disinformation as a Tool of Hybrid Warfare: A Strategic Analysis of National Security in the Balkans]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0021</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Due to the rapid growth in technology, the information environment has rapidly transformed into a key avenue for hybrid threats, changing the traditional conception of national security into a perpetual state of “hybridity”. This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of disinformation - using information science, political science, and psychology - to review its function as a strategic method in the Gray Zone. By deploying multiple tactics (conventional, irregular, cyber) simultaneously, hybrid malefactors take advantage of societal weaknesses in order to undermine democratic systems without engaging in a full-scale conflict. The special attention of this report is focused on the Balkans, where entrenched ethnic, religious, and political divisions make for a permissive environment for subversion. The author will examine how the Ukraine War and Covid-19 pandemic have acted as catalysts for increased hybrid activity through automated social bots and other technological tactics to increase impact and degrade the trust in government institutions. This report ultimately calls for a “whole-of-society” approach to building resilience against information based attacks by promoting critical digital literacy and improved levels of cooperation between the NATO and EU in order to protect regional stability given the shifting nature of these types of attacks on information systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Democratic Oversight – the Key to a Resilient Legal Framework for Civil – Military Relations]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0032</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Built on a multi-layered foundation, contemporary legal systems have created their stability by combining the flexibility to adapt to new elements, with the rigidity necessary to preserve essential social values. However, the accelerated transformations within modern-day society pose significant challenges to the carefully constructed balance of these systems and question the resilient nature of elements that until recently seemed irreplaceable. In this context, the paper addresses one of the most dynamic aspects of the activity of military structures, civil - military relations, from the perspective of the set of norms that ensure the functionality of this process. Democratic control of the armed forces, as an additional mechanism for ensuring respect for the rule of law, connects military structures and representative constitutional authorities of the state and provides the latter with prerogatives to supervise the implementation of the state defense function.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Convergence of the Vuca and Bani Models as Instruments for the Multidimensional Analysis of the Security Environment]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0024</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The contemporary security environment is increasingly characterized by volatility, systemic fragility, accelerated technological change, and multidimensional threats that challenge traditional strategic analysis models. This paper explores the convergence between the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) and BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Non-linear, Incomprehensible) frameworks as complementary instruments for understanding and interpreting the modern security environment. The research combines a theoretical analysis of the evolution from VUCA to BANI with a bibliometric investigation conducted using VOSviewer and data extracted from the Web of Science database. Through keyword co-occurrence analysis and network visualization, the study identifies thematic clusters and conceptual intersections between the two models. The findings demonstrate that the integration of VUCA and BANI provides a more comprehensive analytical perspective on resilience, strategic adaptation, and decision-making processes in the defense and security domain.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Military Adaptability in the Face of the Unknown]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the role of military adaptability in managing hybrid operating environments. Modern conflicts are characterized by a high degree of complexity and ambiguity, posing significant challenges to armed forces in the military operations they conduct. In this context, the research provides a concise overview of how adaptability can be applied at each level (individual, organizational, national, and allied). It also highlights key factors that must be considered to enhance adaptability. By employing qualitative research methods, the findings contribute theoretically to the advancement of Military Sciences by establishing the status and role of military adaptability within contemporary military conflicts. Moreover, from a practical standpoint, the results presented provide a solid foundation for an expanded PhD program in which concrete strategies for adapting military forces to hybrid operating environments will be further developed.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From Dependency to Autonomy: Trump’s Rhetoric and Romania’s Civil-Military Cooperation]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0018</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The return of Donald Trump to the White House in January 2025 has introduced a level of transatlantic strategic uncertainty without precedent in the post-Cold War era. His administration’s conditional reading of Article 5, its bilateral diplomatic outreach toward Moscow conducted outside established NATO channels, and its explicit demands for allied defence spending well above the 2% of GDP threshold have collectively disrupted planning assumptions that European governments had treated as fixed for decades. For Romania — a NATO member bordering Ukraine, hosting the Aegis Ashore missile defence system at Deveselu and multinational forces at Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base — these developments demanded an institutional response, not merely a diplomatic one. This article argues that Trump’s rhetoric has paradoxically catalysed a positive transformation in Romania’s civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) mechanisms, accelerating a shift from strategic dependency on the U.S. security umbrella toward a more autonomous, whole-of-society defence posture. Drawing on the Copenhagen School’s societal security framework and NATO’s CIMIC doctrine (AJP-3.4.9), the study analyses defence budget trajectories, legislative developments, and CIMIC exercise patterns observed between January 2025 and April 2026. A four-stage Reactive Resilience Consolidation Model (RRCM) is proposed alongside a critical assessment of its limits.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From VUCA to BANI: A Paradigm Shift in Critical Infrastructure Resilience – a Comprehensive Case Study of the Bucharest Centralized Heating System]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The global landscape of critical infrastructure management is undergoing a fundamental transformation. For decades, the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) framework provided the primary lens for risk assessment. However, the contemporary era—marked by climate instability, rapid technological disruptions, and systemic fragility—demands a more nuanced approach. This paper explores the transition to the BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, Incomprehensible) paradigm, focusing on its implications for the Bucharest centralized heating system (CMTEB). By combining resilience theory with empirical data from a specialized questionnaire involving 62 technical experts and managers, the study evaluates systemic vulnerabilities and the role of emerging technologies. The findings indicate that while traditional robustness is declining, the integration of Digital Twins, AI-driven predictive maintenance, and IoT-based monitoring offers a strategic pathway to transition from structural brittleness to systemic resilience.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Multi-Domain Operations in a Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear and Incomprehensible World]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0027</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The current era, characterized by brittleness, anxiety, nonlinearity and incomprehensibility (BANI), represents an environment in which the military operations must be planned, conducted and adapted in a comprehensive approach using all resources from all the domains that can be employed in order to achieve the desired end state. To become or remain relevant, the military organizations must achieve the state in which they are capable of mobilizing the proper resources from all domains and utilizing them wisely in order to create converging effects at a speed of relevance. The Multi Domain Operations (MDO) military concept is developed for neutralizing peer or near peer adversaries, having as its core idea the integration of armed forces from all five domains (land, air, maritime, space and cyberspace) that generates a relative superiority which creates deterrence leading to strategic achievements without using just conventional military operations. It represents a pragmatic manifestation of the holistic approach: the whole is more than the sum of its own parts. A successful implementation of MDO enables the military instrument of power to plan, prepare, orchestrate, and execute actions that are synchronized, and activities in close collaboration with other instruments of power, relevant actors and stakeholders across all domains and environments at a scale and speed that will outpace the adversary. A successful approach will deliver tailored options in the right time and at the right place, building a relevant advantage in shaping, and fighting, and creating new dilemmas that can influence in a decisively way the attitudes and behaviors of the adversaries and relevant audiences.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Disinformation as a Tool of Hybrid Warfare]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/kbo-2026-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Current conflicts are no longer carried out solely through the use of force, and the physical confrontation environment, characterized by the use of kinetic means, becomes a secondary confrontation environment, because the real confrontation takes place in other environments and has as its objective not the physical destruction of the adversary but the impact on the way of thinking and understanding reality. Under these conditions, the civilian population becomes a target of actions carried out in the physical and virtual environment, but also a powerful and efficient tool for achieving objectives and weakening the adversary. Hybrid warfare is multidimensional and aims to achieve effects in all areas and environments, using the most diverse means. Disinformation becomes, in the conditions of a fluid, dynamic, ambiguous confrontation environment, a basic tool that allows the achievement of general objectives and the shaping of the confrontation environment, without using armed force, aiming to influence the way of thinking of decision-makers and the population, decrease trust in the authorities and in their ability to manage complex situations, create panic, create a certain image of various state or non-state actors and direct support in certain directions.]]></description>
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