References
- Strategic sealift. NATO. 2022. Available from: https://www.nato.int/cps/cz/natohq/topics_50104.htm.
- Tests Show Ease of Hacking ECDIS, Radar and Machinery. The Maritime Executive. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/tests-show-ease-of-hacking-ecdis-radar-and-machinery.
- NTSB/MAR-21/03 PB2021-100930. NTSB Maritime Accident Report. Available from: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/MAR2103.pdf Defense Industry Programme, Available from: https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eudefence-industry/edip-future-defence_en.
- McQuade, M. EU’s The Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History. 2018. Available from: https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world/.
- WTAS: Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying Cranes to U.S. Ports Reveals Shocking Findings. March, 12, 2024. Available from: https://homeland.house.gov/2024/03/12/wtas-joint-investigation-intoccp-backed-company-supplying-cranes-to-u-s-ports-reveals-shocking-findings/#:~:text=The%20congressional%20probe%20discovered%20that,concerns%2C%20according%20to%20the%20WSJ.
- USCC Staff. LOGINK: Risks from China’s Promotion of a Global Logistics Management Platform. September, 20, 2022. Available from: https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/LOGINK-Risks_from_Chinas_Promotion_of_a_Global_Logistics_Management_Platform.pdf.
- Goward, D. Mass GPS Spoofing Attack in Black Sea?. The Maritime Executive. 2017 Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/mass-gps-spoofing-attack-in-black-sea.
- Meggiato, G., Nterai, S., Skowronski, E., Gao, R., Rahman, M. Warehouses against Cyber-Attack Risks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul. 2022. Turkey.
- Good practice guide Cybersecurity in inland navigation”. European Committee for drawing up Standards in the field of Inland Navigation (CESNI). 2023 Available from: https://www.cesni.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Guide_cybersecurite_en.pdf.
- Nicaise, V.. Cybermarétique: a short history of cyberattacks against ports. 10/15/2021. Available from: https://www.stormshield.com/news/cybermaretique-a-short-history-ofcyberattacks-against-ports/.
- Keller, J. How vulnerable is battlefield artificial intelligence (AI) to cyber and electronic warfare (EW) attack?. Military Aerospace. March, 27, 2025. Available from https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/55277563/vulnerabilities-of-artificial-intelligence-to-cyber-and-electronic-warfare-attack.
- Jones, D. Aviation sector faces heightened cyber risks due to vulnerable software, aging tech. Cybersecurity dive. April, 14, 2025. https://www.cybersecuritydive.com/news/aviation-cyber-risks-aging-tech/745273/.
- CrowdStrike: What the 2024 outage reveals about security. December, 17, 2024. Available at: https://www.privacyinternational.org/long-read/5507/crowdstrike-what-2024-outage-reveals-about-security.
- Paganini, P. A cyberattack blocked the trains in Denmark. November, 6, 2022. Available from: https://securityaffairs.com/138127/cyber-crime/cyberattack-blocked-trains-denmark.html.
- Culverwell, D. Belarusian hacktivists’ cyberattack on railway system to disrupt movement of Russian troops. January, 25, 2022. Intellinews. https://www.intellinews.com/belarusian-hacktivists-cyberattack-on-railway-system-to-disrupt-movement-of-russian-troops-232859/.
- Preston, R. EU cybersecurity agency reports on threat to rail. International Rail Journal. 2023. https://www.railjournal.com/technology/eu-cybersecurity-agency-reports-on-threat-to-rail/#:~:text=Pro%2DRussian%20hacker%20groups%20have,against%20Estonian%20Railw ays%20in%20August.
- Theocharidou, M. ENISA Threat Landscape 2023: Transport sector. ENISA. 2023. Available from: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/all_files/03-cooperation-information-sharing-03-enisa-theocharidou.pdf.
