Hybrid QuEChERS–micro-scale solid-phase extraction for LC-MS/MS determination of chloramphenicol in milk and muscle

Tomasz Śniegocki; Elżbieta Samorek; Weronika Krajewska

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2026-0055

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Hybrid QuEChERS–micro-scale solid-phase extraction for LC-MS/MS determination of chloramphenicol in milk and muscle

Journal of Veterinary Research

AHEAD OF PRINT

By: Tomasz Śniegocki , Elżbieta Samorek and Weronika Krajewska

Open Access

|Oct 2026

Abstract

Introduction

The determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk and food-animal muscle is analytically challenging because of matrix complexity and matrix effects in LC-MS/MS analysis.

Material and Methods

A hybrid sample-preparation method combining QuEChERS extraction with micro-scale solid-phase extraction (MSPE) using C18P-PVDF microspin filters was developed for the determination of CAP in these matrices. The method was validated in accordance with European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808. Matrix effects and the influence of membrane type (PVDF, nylon or PTFE) were evaluated.

Results

The method demonstrated satisfactory analytical performance, with apparent recoveries ranging from 97.5% to 101.8%, repeatability below 10% and detection capability (CCβ) established at 0.12 µg kg⁻¹ for both matrices. Matrix-effect values ranged from 91.8% to 111.2% for milk and from 89.1% to 112.3% for muscle. The best clean-up performance was given by PVDF membranes, which contributed to a stable analytical response during MSPE clean-up.

Conclusion

The proposed hybrid method provides effective clean-up and satisfactory control of analytical interferences without extensive additional clean-up procedures, making it suitable for routine determination of CAP in milk and muscle matrices.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2026-0055 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)

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Language: English

Submitted on: May 11, 2026

Accepted on: Oct 7, 2026

Published on: Oct 16, 2026

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

chloramphenicol,

analytical method validation,

veterinary drug residues,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2026 Tomasz Śniegocki, Elżbieta Samorek, Weronika Krajewska, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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