Analysis of sales of antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine in Poland compared to Europe

Ilona Barbara Materek; Katarzyna Pasik; Ewa Borzym

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2026-0032

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Analysis of sales of antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine in Poland compared to Europe

Journal of Veterinary Research

Volume 70 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)

By: Ilona Barbara Materek , Katarzyna Pasik and Ewa Borzym

Open Access

|Jun 2026

Agence fédérale des médicaments et des produits de santé/Federaal Agentschap voor Geneesmiddelen en Gezondheidsproducten (Belgium): Belgian Veterinary Surveillance on Antimicrobial Consumption National Report on Sales and Use of Antibacterial Veterinary Medicinal Products 2024 (BelVet-SAC 2024). AFMPS/FAGG, Brussels, Belgium, 2025, https://www.fagg-afmps.be/sites/default/files/BVS-report_2024_final.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bedford C., Galotta M.L., Oikonomou G., de Yaniz G., Nardello M., Sánchez Bruni S., Davies P.: A mixed method approach to analysing patterns and drivers of antibiotic use and resistance in beef farms in Argentina. Front Vet Sci 2024, 11, 1454032, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1454032.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet National Food Institute, Statens Serum Institut: DANMAP 2022: Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. DTU National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, https://www.danmap.org/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Food Safety Authority, European Medicines Agency: Fourth joint interagency report on integrated analysis of consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals in the EU/EEA. ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden, EFSA, Parma, Italy, EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2024, doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8589.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Commission: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/578 of 29 January 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to requirements for the collection of data on the volume of sales and on the use of antimicrobial medicinal products in animals. OJEU L 64, 123, 09/04/2021, 7–20, https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0578.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Commission: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/209 of 16 February 2022 establishing the format of the data to be collected and reported in order to determine the volume of sales and the use of antimicrobial medicinal products in animals in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJEU L 65, 35, 17/02/2022, 7–16, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022R0209.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicine Agency: Antimicrobial Sales and Use (ASU) Platform. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary-regulatory-overview/antimicrobial-resistance-veterinary-medicine/antimicrobial-sales-use-platform.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/27839/2024 Antimicrobial Sales and Use (ASU) Platform User Guide. User guide for National Competent Authority users. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2025, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/antimicrobial-sales-and-use-asu-platform-user-guide_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/CVMP/CHMP/682198/2017-Rev1 Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union. Answer to the request from the European Commission for updating the scientific advice on the impact on public health and animal health ofthe use of antibiotics in animals. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2025, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/categorisation-antibiotics-european-union-answer-request-european-commission-updating-scientific-advice-impact-public-health-animal-health-use-antibiotics-animals_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMACVMP/ESUAVET/80289/2025 European Sales and Use of Antimicrobials for veterinary medicine (ESUAvet). Annual surveillance report for 2023. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2025, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/european-sales-use-antimicrobials-veterinary-medicine-annual-surveillance-report-2023_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/299538/2023 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022. Trends from 2010 to 2022. Thirteenth ESVAC report. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2023, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-31-european-countries-2022-trends-2010-2022-thirteenth-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/795956/2022 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2021. Trends from 2010 to 2021. Twelfth ESVAC report. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2022, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-31-european-countries-2021-trends-2010-2021-twelfh-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/58183/2021 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2019 and 2020. Trends from 2010 to 2020. Eleventh ESVAC report. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2021, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-31-european-countries-2019-and-2020-trends-2010-2020-eleventh-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/24309/2020 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2018. Trends from 2010 to 2018. Tenth ESVAC report. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2020, doi: 10.2809/195073, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-31-european-countries-2018-trends-2010-2018-tenth-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/294674/2019 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2017. Trends from 2010 to 2017. Ninth ESVAC report. EMA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2019, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-31-european-countries-2017-ninth-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/275982/2018 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016. Eighth ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2018, doi: 10.2809/807372, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-30-european-countries-2016-trends-2010-2016-eighth-esvac-report_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/184855/2017 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2015. Trends from 2010 to 2015. Seventh ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2017, doi: 10.2809/283486, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/seventh-esvac-report-sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-30-european-countries-2015_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/61769/2016 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 29 European countries in 2014. Sixth ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2016, doi: 10.2809/676974, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sixth-esvac-report-sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-29-european-countries-2014_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/387934/2015 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU/EEA countries in 2013. Fifth ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2015, doi: 10.2809/140479, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/fifth-esvac-report-sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-26-european-unioneuropean-economic-area-countries-2013_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/333921/2014 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU/EEA countries in 2012. Fourth ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2014, doi: 10.2809/10553, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-26-european-union-european-economic-area-countries-2012-fourth-european-surveillance-veterinary-antimicrobial-consumption-report_en.pdf.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Medicines Agency: EMA/236501/2013 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 EU/EEA countries in 2011. Third ESVAC report. EMA, London, UK, 2013, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-25-european-union-european-economic-area-countries-2011-third-european-surveillance-veterinary-antimicrobial-consumption-report_en.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union: Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC. OJEU L 2019, 62, 4, 07/01/2019, 43–167.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
General Veterinary Inspectorate (Poland): List of pharmaceutical wholesalers of veterinary medicinal products (in Polish). Główny Inspektorat Weterynarii, Warsaw, Poland, 2026, https://www.wetgiw.gov.pl/handel-eksport-import/listy-podmiotow.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Government of the Republic of Poland: Rozporządzenie Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 16 grudnia 2016 r. w sprawie przekazywania danych w kwartalnych raportach dotyczących wielkości obrotu produktami leczniczymi weterynaryjnymi (Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of 16 December 2016 on the submission of data in quarterly reports on the volume of trade in veterinary medicinal products – in Polish). Dz U 2016, poz 2160 (Official Journal of Laws 2016, item 2160), https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20160002160/O/D20162160.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Herman K., Nowaczek A., Urban-Chmiel R., Pyzik E., Dec M.: Reduction of antibiotic usage in animal treatment in the EU based on European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption reports (in Polish). Med Weter 2024, 80, 477–483, doi: 10.21521/mw.6919.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hunt D., Kates O.S.: A brief history of antimicrobial resistance. AMA J Ethics 2024, 26, 408–417, doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.408.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hutchings M.I., Truman A.W., Wilkinson B.: Antibiotics: past, present and future. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019, 51, 72–80, doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Köper L.M., Bode C., Bender A., Reimer I., Heberer T., Wallmann J.: Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany – What are the perceptions? PLoS One, 2020, 15, e0237459, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237459.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leitão M., Sarraguça J., Taghouti M., Monteiro A.C.G.: Challenges and obstacles for veterinary antimicrobial agents’ data collection for an “One Health” European goal to address antimicrobial resistances. Med Sci Forum 2024, 24, 15, doi: 10.3390/ECA2023-16430.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Merle R., Meyer-Kühling B.: Sales data as a measure of antibiotics usage: Concepts, examples and discussion of influencing factors. Vet Med Sci 2019, 6, 154–163, doi: 10.1002/vms3.205.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation of the Republic of France: Écoantibio², The French National Plan for the Reduction of the Risks of Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine 2017–2021. https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/fra196378ENG.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Muska A., Pilvere I., Upite I., Muska K., Nipers A.: Assessing European Union Member States’ progress toward antimicrobial sales reduction targets under the European Green Deal: a comparative policy and performance analysis. Vet World 2025, 18, 2746–2760, doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.2746-2760.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Norwegian Institute of Public Health World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: ATC Vet Codes. NIPH WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo, Norway, 2024, https://atcddd.fhi.no/atcvet/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Norwegian Veterinary Institute: NORM-VET – the monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary and food production sectors. Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway, 2026, https://www.vetinst.no/en/surveillance-programmes/norm-norm-vet-report.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Osek J., Wieczorek K.: Sales of antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine in European countries in 2020 (in Polish). Życie Wet 2022, 97, 265–267.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schmerold I., van Geijlswijk I., Gehring R.: European regulations on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023, 189, 106473, doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106473.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silva A.C., Nogueira P.J., Paiva J.-A.: Determinants of antimicrobial resistance among the different European countries: More than human and animal antimicrobial consumption. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 834, doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10070834.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simjee S., Ippolito G.: European regulations on prevention use of antimicrobials from January 2022. Revista Braz J Vet Med 2022, 44, e000822, doi: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000822.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Swedish Veterinary Agency: Swedres-Svarm Reports, Sales of antibiotics and occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Sweden. SVA, Uppsala, Sweden, 2024, https://www.sva.se/media/cegdew24/swedres-svarm-2023.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Trading Economics Database: Poland – Production of meat: poultry. Trading Economics, New York, NY, USA, https://tradingeconomics.com/poland/production-of-meat-poultry-eurostat-data.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Urban-Chmiel R., Marek A., Stępień-Pyśniak D., Wieczorek K., Dec M., Nowaczek A., Osek J.: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria – a review. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1079–1119, doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Velazquez-Meza M.E., Galarde-López M., Carrillo-Quiróz B., Alpuche-Aranda C.M.: Antimicrobial resistance: One Health approach. Vet World 2022, 15, 743–749, doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.743-749.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zenkner M.J.: Prewencja weterynaryjna w fermach krów mlecznych (Preventive veterinary measures in dairy cattle farms – in Polish). Życie Wet 2021, 96, 251–267.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2026-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 233 - 244

Submitted on: Nov 14, 2025

Accepted on: Jun 16, 2026

Published on: Jun 30, 2026

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

AMR,

ESVAC/ESUAvet,

One Health,

veterinary antimicrobials

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2026 Ilona Barbara Materek, Katarzyna Pasik, Ewa Borzym, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 70 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)