An evaluation of dogs’ exposure to benzophenones through hair sample analysis

Gonkowski, Sławomir; Martín, Julia; Rychlik, Andrzej; Aparicio, Irene; Santos, Juan Luis; Alonso, Esteban; Makowska, Krystyna

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022

Abstract

Introduction

Benzophenones (BPs) are used in various branches of industry as ultraviolet radiation filters, but they pollute the natural environment, penetrate living organisms, and disrupt endocrine balance. Knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to these substances is extremely scant. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term exposure of companion dogs to BPs and relate this to environmental factors.

Material and Methods

Hair samples taken from 50 dogs and 50 bitches from under 2 to over 10 years old were analysed for BP content with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

The results revealed that dogs are most often exposed to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1). Concentration levels of BP-3 above the method quantification limit (MQL) were noted in 100% of the samples and fluctuated from 4.75 ng/g to 1,765 ng/g. In turn, concentration levels of BP-1 above the MQL were noted in 37% of the samples and ranged from <0.50 ng/g to 666 ng/g. Various factors (such as the use of hygiene and care products and the dog’s diet) were found to affect BP concentration levels. Higher levels of BP-3 were observed in castrated/spayed animals and in animals that required veterinary intervention more often.

Conclusion

The results obtained show that the analysis of hair samples may be a useful matrix for biomonitoring BPs in dogs, and that these substances may be toxic to them.

References

Almeida S.D.S., Rocha T.L., Qualhato G., Oliveira L.A.R., Amaral C.L.D., Conceição E.C.D., Sabóia-Morais S.M.T., Bailão E.F.L.C.: Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of benzophenone-3 induced genotoxicity in Poecilia reticulata. Aquat Toxicol 2019, 216, 105293, doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105293.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alves A., Jacobs G., Vanermen G., Covaci A., Voorspoels S.: New approach for assessing human perfluoroalkyl exposure via hair. Talanta 2015, 144, 574–583, doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.009.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aparicio I., Martín J., Abril C., Santos J.L., Alonso E.: Determination of household and industrial chemicals, personal care products and hormones in leafy and root vegetables by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018, 1533, 49–56, doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.011.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blouin K., Malaisé F., Verreault J., Lair S., Lu Z.: Occurrence and temporal trends of industrial antioxidants and UV absorbents in the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Sci Total Environ 2022, 842, 156635, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156635.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bradley E.L., Stratton J.S., Leak J., Lister L., Castle L.: Printing ink compounds in foods: UK survey results. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2013, 6, 73–83, doi: 10.1080/19393210.2012.725774.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Calafat A.M., Wong L.Y., Ye X., Reidy J.A., Needham L.L.: Concentrations of the sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 in residents of the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116, 893–897, doi: 10.1289/ehp.11269.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Camino-Sánchez F.J., Zafra-Gómez A., Dorival-García N., Juárez-Jiménez B., Vílchez J.L.: Determination of selected parabens, benzophenones, triclosan and triclocarban in agricultural soils after and before treatment with compost from sewage sludge: A lixiviation study. Talanta 2016, 150, 415–524, doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.031.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Careghini A., Mastorgio A.F., Saponaro S., Sezenna E.: Bisphenol A, nonylphenols, benzophenones, and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface water, sediments, and food: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015, 22, 5711–5741, doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3974-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chang F.K., Shiea J., Tsai H.J.: Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Benzophenone-3, and Bisphenol A in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017, 14, 1545, doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121545.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen M.L., Chen C.H., Huang Y.F., Chen H.C., Chang J.W.: Cumulative Dietary Risk Assessment of Benzophenone-Type Photoinitiators from Packaged Foodstuffs. Foods 2022, 11, 152, doi: 10.3390/foods11020152.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chun J.L., Bang H.T., Ji S.Y., Jeong J.Y., Kim M., Kim B., Lee S.D., Lee Y.K., Reddy K.E., Kim K.H.: A simple method to evaluate body condition score to maintain the optimal body weight in dogs. J Anim Sci Technol 2019, 61, 366–370, doi: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.366.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Claessens J., Pirard C., Charlier C.: Determination of contamination levels for multiple endocrine disruptors in hair from a non-occupationally exposed population living in Liege (Belgium). Sci Total Environ 2022, 815, 152734, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152734.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cocci P., Mosconi G., Palermo F.A.: Sunscreen active ingredients in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and their relation to molecular markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and hormonal activity in wild populations. Mar Pollut Bull 2020, 153, 111012, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111012.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Díaz-Cruz M.S., Molins-Delgado D., Serra-Roig M.P., Kalogianni E., Skoulikidis N.T., Barceló D.: Personal care products reconnaissance in EVROTAS river (Greece): Water-sediment partition and bioaccumulation in fish. Sci Total Environ 2019, 651, 3079–3089, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DiNardo J.C., Downs C.A.: Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone-3. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018, 17, 15–19, doi: 10.1111/jocd.12449.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dirtu A.C., Niessen S.J., Jorens P.G., Covaci A.: Organohalogenated contaminants in domestic cats’ plasma in relation to spontaneous acromegaly and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clue for endocrine disruption in humans? Environ Int 2013, 57–58, 60–67, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.04.004.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Engdahl J.N., Bignert A., Jones B., Athanassiadis I., Bergman A., Weiss J.M.: Cats internal exposure to selected brominated flame retardants and organochlorines correlated to house dust and cat food. Environ Sci Technol 2017, 51, 3012–3020, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05025.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fäys F., Hardy E.M., Palazzi P., Haan S., Beausoleil C., Appenzeller B.M.R.: Biomonitoring of fast-elimination endocrine disruptors - Results from a 6-month follow up on human volunteers with repeated urine and hair collection. Sci Total Environ 2021, 778, 146330, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146330.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fernández M.F., Arrebola J.P., Jiménez-Díaz I., Sáenz J.M., Molina-Molina J.M., Ballesteros O., Kortenkamp A., Olea N.: Bisphenol A and other phenols in human placenta from children with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Reprod Toxicol 2015, 59, 89–95, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.11.002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fivenson D., Sabzevari N., Qiblawi S., Blitz J., Norton B.B., Norton S.A.: Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 2-Increasing awareness of UV filters and their potential toxicities to us and our environment. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020, 7, 45–69, doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Foubert K., Dendooven E., Theunis M., Naessens T., Ivanova B., Pieters L., Gilissen L., Huygens S., De Borggraeve W., Lambert J., Goossens A., Aerts O.: The presence of benzophenone in sunscreens and cosmetics containing the organic UV filter octocrylene: A laboratory study. Contact Dermat 2021, 85, 69–77, doi: 10.1111/cod.13845.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Frederiksen H., Aksglaede L., Sorensen K., Nielsen O., Main K.M., Skakkebaek N.E., Juul A., Andersson A.M.: Bisphenol A and other phenols in urine from Danish children and adolescents analyzed by isotope diluted TurboFlow-LC–MS/MS. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013, 216, 710–720.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Frederiksen H., Krause M., Jørgensen N., Rehfeld A., Skakkebæk N.E., Andersson A.M.: UV filters in matched seminal fluid-, urine-, and serum samples from young men. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2021, 31, 345–355, doi: 10.1038/s41370-020-0209-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Frikeche J., Couteau C., Roussakis C., Coiffard L.J.: Research on the immunosuppressive activity of ingredients contained in sunscreens. Arch Dermatol Res 2015, 307, 211–218, doi: 10.1007/s00403-014-1528-9.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gago-Ferrero P., Díaz-Cruz M.S., Barceló D.: UV filters bioaccumulation in fish from Iberian river basins. Sci Total Environ 2015, 518–519, 518–525, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.026.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gavrila A.A., Dasteridis I.S., Tzimas A.A., Chatzimitakos T.G., Stalikas C.D.: Benzophenones in the environment: Occurrence, fate and sample preparation in the analysis. Molecules 2023, 28, 1229, doi: 10.3390/molecules28031229.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gonkowski S., Tzatzarakis M., Vakonaki E., Meschini E., Rytel L.: Exposure assessment to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in wild boars by hair analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023, 905, 167076, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167076.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heurung A.R., Raju S.I., Warshaw E.M.: Benzophenones. Dermatitis 2014, 25, 3–10, Erratum in: Dermatitis 2014, 25, 92–95, doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000025.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hewitt N.J., Grégoire S., Cubberley R., Duplan H., Eilstein J., Ellison C., Lester C., Fabian E., Fernandez J., Géniès C., Jacques-Jamin C., Klaric M., Rothe H., Sorrell I., Lange D., Schepky A.: Measurement of the penetration of 56 cosmetic relevant chemicals into and through human skin using a standardized protocol. J Appl Toxicol 2020, 40, 403–415, doi: 10.1002/jat.3913.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ji X., Liang J., Liu J., Shen J., Li Y., Wang Y., Jing C., Mabury S.A., Liu R.: Occurrence, Fate, Human Exposure, and Toxicity of Commercial Photoinitiators. Environ Sci Technol 2023, 57, 11704–11717, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02857.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jung W., Seok S.H., Shin S., Ryu S.H., Kim K.B., Shin B.S., Kim T.H.: Toxicokinetics, Percutaneous Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Benzophenone-3, an UV Filtering Agent, in Rats. Toxics 2022, 10, 672, doi: 10.3390/toxics10110672.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Karthikraj R., Lee S., Kannan K.: Biomonitoring of exposure to bisphenols, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban in pet dogs and cats. Environ Res 2020, 180, 108821, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108821.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kato T., Tada-Oikawa S., Takahashi K., Saito K., Wang L., Nishio A., Hakamada-Taguchi R., Kawanishi S., Kuribayashi K.: Endocrine disruptors that deplete glutathione levels in APC promote Th2 polarization in mice leading to the exacerbation of airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2006, 36, 1199–1209, doi: 10.1002/eji.200535140.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kim S., Choi K.: Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: a mini-review. Environ Int 2014, 70, 143–157, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koestel Z.L., Backus R.C., Tsuruta K., Spollen W.G., Johnson S.A., Javurek A.B., Ellersieck M.R., Wiedmeyer C.E., Kannan K., Xue J., Bivens N.J., Givan S.A., Rosenfeld C.S.: Bisphenol A (BPA) in the serum of pet dogs following short-term consumption of canned dog food and potential health consequences of exposure to BPA. Sci Total Environ 2017, 579, 1804–1814, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.162.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kovaříková S., Maršálek P., Habánová M., Konvalinová J.: Serum concentration of bisphenol A in elderly cats and its association with clinicopathological findings. J Feline Med Surg 2020, 23, 105–114, doi: 10.1177/1098612X20932260.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kunisue T., Wu Q., Tanabe S., Aldous K.M., Kannan K.: Analysis of five benzophenone-type UV filters in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Methods 2010, 2, 707–713, doi: 10.1039/B9AY00324J.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li N., Ho W., Wu R.S.S., Tsang E.P.K., Ying G.G., Deng W.J.: Ultra violet filters in the urine of preschool children and drinking water. Environ Int 2019, 133, 105246, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105246.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li Y., Zhu Q., Li G., Zhou Q., Liang Y., Liao C., Jiang G.: Concentration profiles of a typical ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 and its derivatives in municipal sewage sludge in China: Risk assessment in sludge-amended soil. Sci Total Environ 2022, 811, 152329, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152329.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liao C., Kannan K.: Widespread occurrence of benzophenone-type UV light filters in personal care products from China and the United States: an assessment of human exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2014, 48, 4103–4109, doi: 10.1021/es405450n.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ma J., Wang Z., Qin C., Wang T., Hu X., Ling W.: Safety of benzophenone-type UV filters: A mini review focusing on carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity. Chemosphere 2023, 326, 138455, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138455.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Makowska K., Martín J., Rychlik A., Aparicio I., Santos J.L., Alonso E., Gonkowski S.: Biomonitoring parabens in dogs using fur sample analysis - Preliminary studies. Sci Total Environ 2022, 807, 150757, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150757.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Makowska K., Martín J., Rychlik A., Aparicio I., Santos J.L., Alonso E., Gonkowski S.: Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022, 19, 4600, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084600.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mao F., He Y., Gin K.Y.H.: Occurrence and fate of benzophenone-type UV filters in aquatic environments: A review. Environ Sci Water Res Technol 2019, 5, 209–223, doi: 10.1039/C8EW00539G.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mao J.F., Li W., Ong C.N., He Y., Jong M.C., Gin K.Y.: Assessment of human exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters: A review. Environ Int 2022, 167, 107405, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107405.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martín J., Gonkowski S., Kortas A., Sobiech P., Rytel L., Santos J., Aparicio I., Alonso E.: Multiclass method to determine emerging pollutants in bats using a non-invasive approach based on guano matrix. Microchem J 2023, 188, 108486, doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108486.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martín J., Santos J.L., Aparicio I., Alonso E.: Analytical method for biomonitoring of endocrine-disrupting compounds (bisphenol A, parabens, perfluoroalkyl compounds and a brominated flame retardant) in human hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016, 945, 95–101, doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.004.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martín-Pozo L., Gómez-Regalado M.D.C., Cantarero-Malagón S., Navalón A., Zafra-Gómez A.: Determination of ultraviolet filters in human nails using an acid sample digestion followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chemosphere 2021, 273, 128603, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128603.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Matouskova K., Jerry D.J., Vandenberg L.N.: Exposure to low doses of oxybenzone during perinatal development alters mammary gland morphology in male and female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2020, 92, 66–77, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Molins-Delgado D., Máñez M., Andreu A., Hiraldo F., Eljarrat E., Barceló D., Díaz-Cruz M.S.: A potential new threat to wild life: Presence of UV filters in bird eggs from a preserved area. Environ Sci Technol 2017, 51, 10983–10990, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03300.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Molins-Delgado D., Muñoz R., Nogueira S., Alonso M.B., Torres J.P., Malm O., Ziolli R.L., Hauser-Davis R.A., Eljarrat E., Barceló D., Díaz-Cruz M.S.: Occurrence of organic UV filters and metabolites in Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) from Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2018, 618, 451–459, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.033.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mustieles V., Balogh R.K., Axelstad M., Montazeri P., Márquez S., Vrijheid M., Draskau M.K., Taxvig C., Peinado F.M., Berman T., Frederiksen H., Fernández M.F., Marie Vinggaard A., Andersson A.M.: Benzophenone-3: Comprehensive review of the toxicological and human evidence with meta-analysis of human biomonitoring studies. Environ Int 2023, 173, 107739, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mutlu E., Garner C.E., Wegerski C.J., McDonald J.D., McIntyre B.S., Doyle-Eisele M., Waidyanatha S.: Metabolism and disposition of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, a sunscreen ingredient, in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice; a species and route comparison. Xenobiotica 2020, 50, 689–704, doi: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1680906.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakagawa Y., Suzuki T.: Metabolism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyben-zophenone in isolated rat hepatocytes and xenoestrogenic effects of its metabolites on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2002, 139, 115–128, doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(01)00293-9.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakamura N., Inselman A.L., White G.A., Chang C.W., Trbojevich R.A., Sephr E., Voris K.L., Patton R.E., Bryant M.S., Harrouk W., McIntyre B.S., Foster P.M., Hansen D.K.: Effects of maternal and lactational exposure to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzone on development and reproductive organs in male and female rat offspring. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2015, 104, 35–51, Erratum in: Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 104, 140, doi: 10.1002/bdrb.21137.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Norrgran J., Jones B., Bignert A., Athanassiadis I., Bergman A., Higher PBDE serum concentrations may be associated with feline hyperthyroidism in Swedish cats. Environ Sci Technol 2015, 49, 5107–5114, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00234.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rachoń D., Rimoldi G., Wuttke W.: In vitro effects of benzophenone-2 and octyl-methoxycinnamate on the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 by murine splenocytes. Immunopharm Immunotoxicol 2006, 28, 501–510, doi: 10.1080/08923970600927751.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rhodes M.C., Bucher J.R., Peckham J.C., Kissling G.E., Hejtmancik M.R., Chhabra R.S.: Carcinogenesis studies of benzophenone in rats and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2007, 45, 843–851, doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.11.003.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rocha B.A., Asimakopoulos A.G., Honda M., da Costa N.L., Barbosa R.M., Barbosa F. Jr., Kannan K.: Advanced data mining approaches in the assessment of urinary concentrations of bisphenols, chlorophenols, parabens and benzophenones in Brazilian children and their association to DNA damage. Environ Int 2018, 116, 269–277, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.023.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rodil R., Quintana J.B., Concha-Graña E., López-Mahía P., Muniategui-Lorenzo S., Prada-Rodríguez D.: Emerging pollutants in sewage, surface and drinking water in Galicia (NW Spain). Chemosphere 2012, 86, 1040–1049, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.053.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rodríguez-Gómez R., Zafra-Gómez A., Dorival-García N., Ballesteros O., Navalón A.: Determination of benzophenone-UV filters in human milk samples using ultrasound-assisted extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Talanta 2015, 134, 657–664, doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.004.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Santamaria C.G., Meyer N., Schumacher A., Zenclussen M.L., Teglia C.M., Culzoni M.J., Zenclussen A.C., Rodriguez H.A.: Dermal exposure to the UV filter benzophenone-3 during early pregnancy affects fetal growth and sex ratio of the progeny in mice. Arch Toxicol 2020, 94, 2847–2859, doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02776-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Seidel F.: Reproductive toxicity of benzophenone-3. Arch Toxicol 2020, 94, 3593–3594, doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02865-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shi Y., Liu X., Xie Q., Pan X.F., Mei Z.: Plastic additives and personal care products in south China house dust and exposure in child-mother pairs. Environ Pollut 2021, 281, 116347, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116347.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silveira R.S., Rocha B.A., Rodrigues J.L., Barbosa F. Jr.: Rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of 16 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and triclocarban) in human urine based on microextraction by packed sorbent combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MEPS-LC-MS/MS). Chemosphere 2020, 240, 124951, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124951.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Song S., He Y., Huang Y., Huang X., Guo Y., Zhu H., Kannan K., Zhang T.: Occurrence and transfer of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters from the pregnant women to fetuses. Sci Total Environ 2020, 726, 138503, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138503.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sun H., Li Y., Huang C., Peng J., Yang J., Sun X., Zang S., Chen J., Zhang X.: Solid-phase extraction based on a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective determination of four benzophenones in tap and river water. J Sep Sci 2015, 38, 3412–3420, doi: 10.1002/jssc.201500419.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Takashima-Uebelhoer B.B., Barber L.G., Zagarins S.E., Procter-Gray E., Gollenberg A.L., Moore A.S., Bertone-Johnson E.R.: Household chemical exposures and the risk of canine malignant lymphoma, a model for human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Environ Res 2012, 112, 171–176, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.003.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tao Z., Wang Z., Zhu S., Wang S., Wang Z.: Associations between benzophenone-3 and sex steroid hormones among United States adult men. Reprod Toxicol 2022, 114, 44–51, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.10.002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tian X., Huang K., Liu Y., Jiang K., Liu R., Cui J., Wang F., Yu Y., Zhang H., Lin M., Ma S.: Distribution of phthalate metabolites, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, parabens, triclosan and triclocarban in paired human hair, nail and urine samples. Environ Pollut 2023, 333, 122083, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122083.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tschersich C., Murawski A., Schwedler G., Rucic E., Moos R.K., Kasper-Sonnenberg M., Koch H.M., Brüning T., Kolossa-Gehring M.: Bisphenol A and six other environmental phenols in urine of children and adolescents in Germany–human biomonitoring results of the German environmental survey 2014–2017 (GerES V). Sci Total Environ 2021, 763, 144615, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144615.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tzatzarakis M.N., Vakonaki E., Kavvalakis M.P., Barmpas M., Kokkinakis E.N., Xenos K., Tsatsakis A.M.: Biomonitoring of bisphenol A in hair of Greek population. Chemosphere 2015, 118, 336–341, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.044.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang L., Kannan K.: Characteristic profiles of benzonphenone-3 and its derivatives in urine of children and adults from the United States and China. Environ Sci Technol 2013, 47, 12532–12538, doi: 10.1021/es4032908.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wnuk A., Kajta M.: Is the commonly used UV filter benzophenone-3 a risk factor for the nervous system? Acta Biochim Pol 2021, 68, 557–563, doi: 10.18388/abp.2020_5741.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu S.B., Long C., Kennelly E.J.: Structural diversity and bioactivities of natural benzophenones. Nat Prod Rep 2014, 31, 1158–1174, doi: 10.1039/c4np00027g.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xu G., Hu F., Wang X., Zhang B., Zhou Y.: Bisphenol A exposure perturbs visual function of adult cats by remodeling the neuronal activity in the primary visual pathway. Arch Toxicol 2018, 92, 455–468, doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-2047-1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yao Z., Li B., Li C.: Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics. Waste Manag Res 2023, 41, 1453–1459, doi: 10.1177/0734242X231159842.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang S., Yan X., Tang B., Luo W., Chen S., Luo X., Zheng J., Mai B., Yu Y.: Human hair as a noninvasive matrix to assess exposure to micro-organic contaminants: State of the art review. Sci Total Environ 2023, 892, 164341, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164341.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang T., Sun H., Qin X., Wu Q., Zhang Y., Ma J., Kannan K.: Benzophenone-type UV filters in urine and blood from children, adults, and pregnant women in China: partitioning between blood and urine as well as maternal and fetal cord blood. Sci Total Environ 2013, 461–462, 49–55, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.074.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article