Incidence and the risk of occurrence of benign and malignant canine skin tumours in Poland – a five-year retrospective study

Śmiech, Anna; Bulak, Kamila; Łopuszyński, Wojciech; Puła, Agata

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2023-0048

Figures & Tables

The incidence of skin tumours in dogs in 2016–2021

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine epithelial skin tumours in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed

		OR	95% CI	P-value
Sex (reference: male)	Female	2.087	1.294-3.366	0.003
Age (reference: 4–6 years)	0-3 y	0.358	0.151-0.847	0.019
	7-10 y	0.922	0.469–1.814	0.814
	11-20 y	0.740	0.345–1.589	0.440
Location (reference: torso)	Head	0.115	0.051–0.260	<0.001
	Thoracic limb	0.343	0.152–0.776	0.010
	Perineum	0.733	0.154–3.481	0.696
	Pelvic limb	1.179	0.624–2.227	0.611
	Neck	1.928	0.743–5.002	0.177
	Anus	0.105	0.024–0.454	0.003
	Tail	0.509	0.134–1.932	0.321
	Inguinal area	1.144	0.122–10.762	0.906
	Axilla	2.444	0.610–9.798	0.207
Breed (reference: crossbreed)	Golden retriever	1.275	0.340–4.775	0.718
	Bull terrier	0.000	-	0.998
	Boxer	4.091	1.607–10.416	0.003
	Bulldog	0.210	0.027–1.651	0.138
	West Highland white terrier	1.355	0.164–11.224	0.778
	German shepherd	4.085	1.866–8.942	<0.001
	Pekingese	0.000	-	0.998
	Black Russian terrier	3.181	0.310–32.684	0.330
	Other terriers	0.517	0.062–4.295	0.541
	Yorkshire terrier	0.552	0.184–1.660	0.290
	American Staffordshire terrier	0.000	-	0.997
	Shih tzu	0.000	-	0.995
	Beagle	0.947	0.203–4.422	0.945
	Schnauzer	0.917	0.260–3.241	0.893
	Labrador retriever	1.516	0.581–3.957	0.395
	Spaniel	0.000	-	0.994
	Maltese	2.220	0.417–11.819	0.350
	Bavarian mountain hound	0.000	-	0.998
	Siberian husky	0.000	-	0.997
	Bernese mountain dog	1.130	0.303–4.218	0.856
	Flat-coated retriever	43.596	2.982–637.459	0.006
	Dobermann	0.000	-	0.999
	Poodle	0.000	-	0.999
	Dachshund	0.000	-	0.996
	Fox terrier	0.000	-	0.998
	Shar pei	0.000	-	0.998
	Cane Corso	0.746	0.079–7.034	0.798
	Polish hunting dog	0.000	-	0.998
	Setter	3.627	0.317–41.574	0.300
	Pug	0.000	-	0.999
	Alaskan Malamute	0.000	-	0.998
	Rhodesian ridgeback	8.452	0.502–142.217	0.138
	Pointer	0.000	-	0.998
	Pinscher	0.000	-	0.998
	Chihuahua	0.000	-	0.999
	Other	0.998	0.326–3.057	0.997

Frequency of canine skin tumours depending on gender, age, breed and anatomical location

		n		%
Sex	Female	1,483		47.24
Sex	Male	1,656		52.76
Age	0–3 y	390		12.43
	4–6 y	500		15.93
	7–10 y	1,381		43.99
	11–20 y	868		27.65
	M ± SD		8.23 ± 3.60
	Me (Q1–Q3)		9 (6–11)
	min–max		0.5–20
Breed	Crossbreed	1,215		38.71
	Labrador retriever	224		7.14
	German shepherd	176		5.61
	Yorkshire terrier	156		4.97
	Spaniel	119		3.79
	Bulldog	104		3.31
	Schnauzer	95		3.03
	Boxer	83		2.64
	Shih tzu	80		2.55
	Golden retriever	77		2.45
	Bernese dog	73		2.32
	American Staffordshire terrier	63		2.01
	Beagle	56		1.78
	Maltese	55		1.75
	Dachshund	48		1.53
	Siberian husky	43		1.37
	Other terriers	40		1.27
	West Highland white terrier	31		0.99
	Bull terrier	25		0.80
	Cane Corso	23		0.73
	Rhodesian ridgeback	10		0.32
	Chihuahua	10		0.32
	Pointer	20		0.64
	Pekingese	19		0.60
	Fox terrier	19		0.60
	Pug	17		0.54
	Setter	14		0.45
	Alaskan Malamute	14		0.45
	Bavarian mountain hound	12		0.38
	Dobermann	12		0.38
	Poodle	12		0.38
	Shar pei	12		0.38
	Polish hunting dog	11		0.35
	Pinscher	10		0.32
	Black Russian terrier	9		0.29
	Flat-coated retriever	9		0.29
	Other	143		4.56
Location	Torso	861		27.43
	Head	736		23.44
	Thoracic limb	466		14.84
	Pelvic limb	456		14.53
	Anus	213		6.79
	Neck	165		5.26
	Tail	71		2.26
	Axilla	70		2.23
	Perineum	62		1.98
	Inguinal area	39		1.24

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine mesenchymal skin tumours in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed of dogs

		OR	95% CI	P-value
Sex (reference: male)	Female	0.875	0.708–1.082	0.218
Age (reference: 4–6 years)	0–3 y	0.851	0.484–1.495	0.574
	7–10 y	0.542	0.400–0.733	<0.001
	11–20 y	0.488	0.348–0.684	<0.001
Location (reference: torso)	Head	2.468	1.698–3.587	<0.001
	Thoracic limb	0.541	0.400–0.730	<0.001
	Perineum	1.301	0.620–2.730	0.486
	Pelvic limb	0.742	0.550–0.999	0.049
	Neck	2.218	1.388–3.543	<0.001
	Anus	8.235	2.431–27.896	<0.001
	Tail	4.563	1.703–12.221	0.003
	Inguinal area	1.151	0.543–2.440	0.715
	Axilla	0.387	0.213–0.704	0.002
Breed (reference: crossbreed)	Golden retriever	4.693	1.913–11.514	<0.001
	Bull terrier	1.910	0.575–6.339	0.290
	Boxer	2.342	1.171–4.684	0.016
	Bulldog	3.469	1.137–10.584	0.029
	West Highland white terrier	1.479	0.420–5.207	0.542
	German shepherd	1.546	0.995–2.400	0.053
	Pekingese	1.060	0.298–3.774	0.928
	Black Russian terrier	0.576	0.069–4.814	0.611
	Other terriers	1.168	0.372–3.667	0.790
	Yorkshire terrier	1.465	0.854–2.511	0.165
	American Staffordshire terrier	0.843	0.439–1.618	0.607
	Shih tzu	0.771	0.362–1.645	0.501
	Beagle	0.543	0.240–1.229	0.143
	Schnauzer	1.361	0.726–2.549	0.336
	Labrador retriever	0.635	0.438–0.923	0.017
	Spaniel	1.520	0.705–3.276	0.285
	Maltese	2.757	1.218–6.243	0.015
	Bavarian mountain hound	0.415	0.070–2.452	0.332
	Siberian husky	0.674	0.295–1.541	0.350
	Bernese mountain dog	0.712	0.351–1.442	0.345
	Flat-coated retriever	1.987	0.341–11.583	0.445
	Dobermann	0.101	0.012–0.873	0.037
	Poodle	0.258	0.044–1.529	0.136
	Dachshund	0.565	0.202–1.579	0.277
	Fox terrier	1.317	0.343–5.061	0.688
	Shar pei	1.076	0.208–5.556	0.930
	Cane Corso	1.620	0.406–6.466	0.495
	Polish hunting dog	0.638	0.101–4.027	0.633
	Setter	0.257	0.059–1.123	0.071
	Pug	3.684	0.755–17.976	0.107
	Alaskan Malamute	0.495	0.096–2.556	0.401
	Rhodesian ridgeback	0.373	0.078–1.781	0.216
	Pointer	0.896	0.215–3.735	0.880
	Pinscher	0.000	–	0.999
	Chihuahua	0.377	0.053–2.684	0.330
	Other	1.143	0.672–1.943	0.622

Frequency of occurrence of a particular histological types of skin tumours in dogs

	N	%		N	%
Benign	2,041	65.02	Malignant	1,098	34.98
Epithelial	784	24.98	Epithelial	485	15.54
Sebaceous adenoma	133	4.24	Squamous cell carcinoma	92	2.93
Trichoblastoma	116	3.70	Hepatoid epithelioma	88	2.80
Trichoepithelioma	116	3.70	Meibomian epithelioma	85	2.71
Hepatoid adenoma	92	2.93	Sebaceous epithelioma	63	2.01
Papilloma	73	2.33	Apocrine adenocarcinoma	48	1.53
Keratoacanthoma	68	2.17	Basal cell carcinoma	31	0.99
Pilomatricoma	65	2.07	Sebaceous adenocarcinoma	30	0.96
Apocrine adenoma	52	1.66	Malignant trichoepithelioma	15	0.48
Meibomian adenoma	50	1.59	Hepatoid adenocarcinoma	13	0.41
Tricholemmoma	13	0.41	Anal sac gland tumour	10	0.32
Ceruminous adenoma	6	0.19	Ceruminous adenocarcinoma	7	0.22
			Meibomian adenocarcinoma	3	0.10
Mesenchymal	886	28.23	Mesenchymal	984	31.35
Histiocytoma	371	11.82	Mast cell tumours	433	13.79
Lipoma	202	6.43	Haemangiopericytoma	187	5.96
Fibroma	108	3.43	Malignant melanoma	146	4.65
Haemangioma	64	2.04	Fibrosarcoma	77	2.45
Plasmacytoma	43	1.37	Peripheral nerve sheath tumour	34	1.08
Melanocytoma	43	1.37	Haemangiosarcoma	21	0.67
Fibrolipoma	41	1.31	Liposarcoma	20	0.64
Lymphangioma	8	0.25	Myxosarcoma	16	0.51
Myxoma	4	0.12	Cutaneous lymphoma	13	0.41
Hibernoma	1	0.03	Histiocytic sarcoma	33	0.15
Neurofibroma	1	0.03	Malignant histiocytosis	4	0.13
Total: n = 3,139

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine skin neoplasia in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed

		OR	95% CI	P-value
Sex (reference: male)	Female	1.211	1.033–1.419	0.018
Age (reference: 4–6 years)	0–3 y	0.245	0.177–0.339	<0.001
	7–10 y	0.659	0.528–0.823	<0.001
	11–20 y	0.530	0.413–0.679	<0.001
Location (reference: torso)	Head	0.454	0.363–0.568	<0.001
	Thoracic limb	0.493	0.382–0.635	<0.001
	Perineum	0.950	0.552–1.637	0.855
	Pelvic limb	0.804	0.630–1.026	0.080
	Neck	1.850	1.296–2.642	<0.001
	Anus	0.236	0.155–0.360	<0.001
	Tail	1.259	0.759–2.090	0.373
	Inguinal area	1.472	0.754–2.873	0.257
	Axilla	0.604	0.356–1.026	0.062
Breed (reference: crossbreed)	Golden retriever	2.096	1.297–3.386	0.003
	Bull terrier	1.148	0.490–2.689	0.750
	Boxer	2.255	1.405–3.620	<0.001
	Bulldog	0.628	0.371–1.065	0.084
	West Highland white terrier	0.911	0.405–2.050	0.822
	German shepherd	1.878	1.342–2.628	<0.001
	Pekingese	0.823	0.283–2.389	0.720
	Black Russian terrier	0.706	0.160–3.114	0.646
	Other terriers	0.720	0.338–1.536	0.396
	Yorkshire terrier	0.997	0.695–1.431	0.988
	American Staffordshire terrier	0.959	0.551–1.669	0.882
	Shih tzu	0.469	0.263–0.836	0.010
	Beagle	0.624	0.326–1.193	0.154
	Schnauzer	0.983	0.626–1.544	0.940
	Labrador retriever	0.842	0.616–1.153	0.284
	Spaniel	0.607	0.380–0.969	0.037
	Maltese	2.926	1.634–5.239	<0.001
	Bavarian mountain hound	0.261	0.055–1.244	0.092
	Siberian husky	0.732	0.363–1.476	0.383
	Bernese mountain dog	0.717	0.417–1.234	0.230
	Flat-coated retriever	3.685	0.887–15.309	0.073
	Dobermann	0.159	0.020–1.289	0.085
	Poodle	0.321	0.067–1.541	0.156
	Dachshund	0.313	0.136–0.720	0.006
	Fox terrier	0.912	0.330–2.520	0.859
	Shar pei	0.597	0.153–2.328	0.458
	Cane Corso	1.194	0.488–2.922	0.698
	Polish hunting dog	0.427	0.088–2.065	0.290
	Setter	0.734	0.219–2.463	0.617
	Pug	2.315	0.794–6.753	0.124
	Alaskan Malamute	0.376	0.096–1.470	0.160
	Rhodesian ridgeback	0.907	0.243–3.392	0.885
	Pointer	0.881	0.330–2.351	0.801
	Pinscher	0.000	–	0.998
	Chihuahua	0.351	0.068–1.808	0.211
	Other	1.036	0.709–1.516	0.854

Incidence and the risk of occurrence of benign and malignant canine skin tumours in Poland – a five-year retrospective study

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine epithelial skin tumours in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed

Frequency of canine skin tumours depending on gender, age, breed and anatomical location

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine mesenchymal skin tumours in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed of dogs

Frequency of occurrence of a particular histological types of skin tumours in dogs

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of malignant canine skin neoplasia in relation to benign ones by sex, age, tumour location and breed

Paradigm

My account