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Recombinant hexon protein as a new bovine adenovirus type 3 subunit vaccine candidate Cover

Recombinant hexon protein as a new bovine adenovirus type 3 subunit vaccine candidate

Open Access
|Mar 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) identification and confirmation
(a) Gradient PCR for detection of BAdV-3. Lane N – negative control; lane 1 – annealing temperature 50°C; lane 2 – 50.5°C; lane 3 – 51°C; lane 4 – 52°C; lane M – marker (100 base pairs (bp) – 3,000 bp)
(b) Transmission electron microscopy image of the typical virion approximately 75 nm in diameter. Phosphotungstic acid negative staining (100,000×)
Bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) identification and confirmation (a) Gradient PCR for detection of BAdV-3. Lane N – negative control; lane 1 – annealing temperature 50°C; lane 2 – 50.5°C; lane 3 – 51°C; lane 4 – 52°C; lane M – marker (100 base pairs (bp) – 3,000 bp) (b) Transmission electron microscopy image of the typical virion approximately 75 nm in diameter. Phosphotungstic acid negative staining (100,000×)

Fig. 2

Cloning and expression analysis of recombinant hexon protein of bovine adenovirus 3
(a) Expressed rhexon with 44 kDa molecular weight separated on 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lane 1 –induction time 0 h; lane 2 – 2 h; lane 3 – 4 h; lane 4 – 6 h; lane M – marker (b) Western blot analysis with mouse anti-His antibody. Lane 1 – induction time 0 h; lane 2 – 2 h; lane 3 – 4 h; lane 4 – 6 h; lane M – marker
Cloning and expression analysis of recombinant hexon protein of bovine adenovirus 3 (a) Expressed rhexon with 44 kDa molecular weight separated on 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lane 1 –induction time 0 h; lane 2 – 2 h; lane 3 – 4 h; lane 4 – 6 h; lane M – marker (b) Western blot analysis with mouse anti-His antibody. Lane 1 – induction time 0 h; lane 2 – 2 h; lane 3 – 4 h; lane 4 – 6 h; lane M – marker

Fig. 3

Antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with purified or unpurified rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdV-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation
Antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with purified or unpurified rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdV-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation

Fig. 4

Antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with different amounts of rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdv-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b, c – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation
Antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with different amounts of rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdv-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b, c – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation

Fig. 5

Long-term antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdV-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation
Long-term antibody response in indirect ELISA in mice immunised with rhexon protein. Total anti-bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV-3) immunoglobulin G levels after inoculation with (a) 10 μg/mL of BAdV-3 and (b) 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. Ag – antigen; OD – optical density; a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05). Data represent means ± standard deviation

Fig. 6

Cytokine response in immunised mice. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon gamma (INF-γ) are shown as fold change relative to the saline control at two and four weeks post immunisation. a, b, c – significant difference (P < 0.05)
Cytokine response in immunised mice. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon gamma (INF-γ) are shown as fold change relative to the saline control at two and four weeks post immunisation. a, b, c – significant difference (P < 0.05)

Fig. 7

Cytokine levels and antibody response in goats immunised with rhexon protein(a) – goat mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-21, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon gamma (INF-γ) are shown as fold change relative to the saline control at two and four weeks post immunisation (b) indirect ELISA with 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05) Ag – antigen; OD – optical density. Data represent means ± standard deviation
Cytokine levels and antibody response in goats immunised with rhexon protein(a) – goat mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-21, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon gamma (INF-γ) are shown as fold change relative to the saline control at two and four weeks post immunisation (b) indirect ELISA with 1.25 μg/mL of rhexon protein. a, b – significant difference (P < 0.05) Ag – antigen; OD – optical density. Data represent means ± standard deviation

The sequence of primers used for PCR identification

Primer namePositionSequence (5′-3′)Size (bp)Reference
BALF19235–19256GRTGGTCIYTRGATRTRATGGA641(18)
BARF19852–19872AAGYCTRTCATCYCCDGGCCA
cBAdVH-F1645–1659AATGAGCTCCTTCAGAGCACTCTG693K01264.1
cBAdVH-R2319–2337ACTGCGGCCGCAGTTTCTATGGTTCAC GenBank

Sequences of primers for mouse cytokines and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in real-time PCR

GeneSequence (5′ ̶ 3′)GenBank accession no.
GAPDHF : TCA ACA GCA ACT CCC ACT CTT CCAGU214026.1
R : ACC CTG TTG CTG TAG CCG TAT TCA
IL-2F : CCT GAG CAG GGA GAA TTA CAAH001969.2
R : TCC AGA ACA TGC CGC AGA
IL-6F : GAG GAT ACC ACT CCC AAC AG CCM20572.1
R : AAG TGC ATC ATC GTT GTT CAT ACA
IL-12F : GAG CAC TCC CCA TTC CTA CTM86671.1
R : GCA TTC GAC TTC GGT AGA TG
INF-γF : GGC CAT CAG CAA CAT AAG GGTAY423847.1
R : TCG GTT GTT GAC CTC AAA CTT GGC

Sequences of primers for goat cytokines and β-actin in real-time PCR

GeneSequence (5′ ̶ 3′)GenBank accession no.
β-actinF : CCT TTT ACA ACG AGC TGC GTG TGAH00130
R : ACG TAG CAG AGC TTC TCC TTG ATG
INF-γF : TTC AGA GCC AAA TTG TCT CCM29867
R : CTG GAT CTG CAG ATC ATC CA
IL-6F : TCA TTA AGC GCA TGG TGG ACA AANM173923
R : TCA GCT TAT TTT CTG CCA GTG TCT
IL-12F : TTA TTG AGG TCG TGG TAG AAG CTGU11815
R : GGT CTC AGT TGC AGG TTC TTG G
IL-21F : CAG TGG CCC ATA AGT CAA GCAB073021
R : TAC ATC TTC TGG AGC TGG CA
Language: English
Page range: 23 - 31
Submitted on: Sep 5, 2022
Accepted on: Mar 2, 2023
Published on: Mar 17, 2023
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Uudamsaikhan Gundegmaa, Odbileg Raadan, Hsing-Chieh Wu, Hsian-Yu Wang, Min-Chia Wu, Chun-Yen Chu, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.