Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome before and after surgery

Erjavec, Vladimira; Vovk, Tomaž; Svete, Alenka Nemec

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2021-0027

Abstract

Introduction

Canine brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a conformation-related respiratory disorder of dog breeds having congenitally flattened facial and skull anatomy. The aim of the study was to determine oxidative stress parameters, the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase in BOAS patients before and after surgical treatment and in healthy brachycephalic dogs.

Material and Methods

Nine healthy brachycephalic dogs that had not undergone surgery and 39 BOAS patients were included in the study. The BOAS patients were classified as grade 1 (5/34), grade 2 (16/34), and grade 3 (13/34) based on the decrease in the radius of the airway in the larynx. In BOAS patients, oxidative stress parameters were determined before and two weeks after surgery, while in control dogs, blood samples were collected only on inclusion to the study.

Results

All BOAS patients showed various degrees of improvement in clinical signs after surgery. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) SOD activity was found in grade 2 and 3 BOAS patients than in grade 1 patients. Two weeks after surgery, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in SOD activity in grade 2 and 3 patients was observed.

Conclusion

Antioxidant enzyme SOD may play an important role in BOAS and can be used as a biomarker of antioxidant status assessment in BOAS patients.

References

Alzoghaibi M.A., Bahammam A.S.O.: Lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase and circulating IL-8 and GCP-2 in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study. Sleep Breath 2005, 9, 119–126, doi: 10.1007/s11325-005-0022-1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Asker S., Asker M., Sarikaya E., Sunnetcioglu A., Aslan M., Demir H.: Oxidative stress parameters and their correlation with clinical, metabolic and polysomnographic parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015, 8, 114491–11455.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bannasch D., Young A., Myers J., Truvé K., Dickinson P., Gregg J., Davis R., Bongcam-Rudloff E., Webster M.T., Lindblad-Toh K., Pedersen N.: Localization of canine brachycephaly using an across breed mapping approach. PLoS One 2010, 5, e9632, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009632.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Barceló A., Barbé F., de la Peña M., Vila M., Pérez G., Piérola J., Durán J., Agustí A.G.N.: Antioxidant status in patients with sleep apnoea and impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Eur Respir J 2006, 27, 756–760, doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00067605.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen P.C., Guo C.H., Tseng C.J., Wang K.C., Liu P.J.: Blood trace minerals concentrations and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Nutr Health Aging 2013, 17, 639–644, doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0023-x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cofta S., Wysocka E., Piorunek T., Rzymkowska M., Batura-Gabryel H., Torlinski L.: Oxidative stress markers in the blood of persons with different stages of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008, 59 Suppl 6, 183–190.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Czauderna M., Kowalczyk J., Marounek M.: The simple and sensitive measurement of malondialdehyde in selected specimens of biological origin and some feed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B 2011, 879, 2251–2258, doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dupré G., Heidenreich D.: Brachycephalic Syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016, 46, 691–707, doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.02.002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eisele H.-J., Markart P., Schulz R.: Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from Human Studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015, 2015, 608438, doi: 10.1155/2015/608438.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fasanella F.J., Shivley J.M., Wardlaw J.L., Givaruangsawat S.: Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010, 237, 1048–1051, doi: 10.2460/javma.237.9.1048.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Findji L., Dupré G.: Folded flap palatoplasty for treatment of elongated soft palates in 55 dogs. Eur J Companion Anim Pract 2009, 19, 125–132.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haimel G., Dupré G.: Brachycephalic airway syndrome: a comparative study between pugs and French bulldogs. J Small Anim Pract 2015, 56, 714–719, doi: 10.1111/jsap.12408.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hendricks J.C.: Brachycephalic airway syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992, 22, 1145–1153, doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(92)50306-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hendricks J.C., Kline L.R., Kovalski R.J., O’Brien J.A., Morrison A.R., Pack A.I.: The English bulldog: a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1987, 63, 1344–1350, doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1344.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lavie L.: Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia--revisited--the bad ugly and good: implications to the heart and brain. Sleep Med Rev 2015, 20, 27–45, doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.003.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Leonard H.C.: Collapse of the larynx and adjacent structures in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1960, 137, 360–363.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lira A.B., de Sousa Rodrigues C.F.: Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and additional antioxidant therapy: a review article. Sleep Breath 2016, 20, 1155–1160, doi: 10.1007/s11325-016-1367-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu H. -G., Liu K., Zhou Y.-N., Xu Y. -J.: Apocynin attenuate spatial learning deficits and oxidative responses to intermittent hypoxia. Sleep Med 2010, 11, 205–212, doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.05.015.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu N.-C., Troconis E.L., Kalmar L., Price D.J., Wright H.E., Adams V.J., Sargan D.R., Ladlow J.F.: Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs. PLoS One 2017, 12, e0181928, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181928.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McGreevy P.D., Georgevsky D., Carrasco J., Valenzuela M., Duffy D.L., Serpell J.A.: Dog behavior co-varies with height, bodyweight and skull shape. PLoS One 2013, 8, e80529, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080529.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meola S.D.: Brachycephalic airway syndrome. Top Companion Anim Med 2013, 28, 91–96, doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.004.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
O’Neill D.G., Jackson C., Guy J.H., Church D.B., McGreevy P.D., Thomson P.C., Brodbelt D.C.: Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2015, 2, 10, doi: 10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Packer R.M.A., Hendricks A., Burn C.C.: Do dog owners perceive the clinical signs related to conformational inherited disorders as ‘normal’ for the breed? A potential constraint to improving canine welfare. Animal Welfare 2012, 21, 81–93, doi: 10.7120/096272812X13345905673809.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Packer R.M.A., Hendricks A., Tivers M.S., Burn C.C.: Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome. PLoS One 2015, 10, e0137496, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137496.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Riecks T.W., Birchard S.J., Stephens J.A.: Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007, 230, 1324–1328, doi: 10.2460/javma.230.9.1324.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Roedler F.S., Pohl S., Oechtering G.U.: How does severe brachycephaly affect dog’s lives? Results of a structured preoperative owner questionnaire. Vet J 2013, 198, 606–610, doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.009.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schulz R., Mahmoudi S., Hattar K., Sibelius U., Olschewski H., Mayer K., Seeger W., Grimminger F.: Enhanced release of superoxide from polymorphonuclear neutrophils in obstructive sleep apnea. Impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162, 566–570, doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9908091.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Svatikova A., Wolk R., Lerman L.O., Juncos L.A., Greene E.L., McConnell J.P., Somers V.K.: Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Heart J 2005, 26, 2435–2439, doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi440.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tomsic K., Seliškar A., Lukanc B., Nemec Svete A.: Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Activities of Blood Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase Determined in Healthy Dogs by Using Commercially Available Kits. Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2016, 66, 534–548, doi: 10.1515/acve-2016-0046.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Torrez C.V., Hunt G.B.: Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia. J Small Anim Pract 2006, 47, 150–154, doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00059.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article