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Analysis of Root System Architecture Affected by Swarming Behavior

Journal of Horticultural Research
Volume 28 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)
By:
Open Access
|Jun 2020

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Schema of neighboring single roots. rti defines the position of the ith single root, D defines the growth direction of the ith single root, black circles represent single root tips, and white circles represent nutrient particles
Schema of neighboring single roots. rti defines the position of the ith single root, D defines the growth direction of the ith single root, black circles represent single root tips, and white circles represent nutrient particles

Fig. 2

Effect of swarming behavior on primary root lengths; primary root lengths in (a) random (p = 0.174), (b) layer (p = 0.003), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on primary root lengths; primary root lengths in (a) random (p = 0.174), (b) layer (p = 0.003), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions

Fig. 3

Effect of the swarming behavior on the lateral root length; lateral root lengths in the (a) random (p = 0.591), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.491) distributions
Effect of the swarming behavior on the lateral root length; lateral root lengths in the (a) random (p = 0.591), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.491) distributions

Fig. 4

Effect of swarming behavior on profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root; profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root; profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Fig. 5

Effect of swarming behavior on the root system profile; root system profiles in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on the root system profile; root system profiles in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Fig. 6

Effect of swarming behavior on the resource particle uptake; resource particle uptake in the (a) random (p = 0.069), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on the resource particle uptake; resource particle uptake in the (a) random (p = 0.069), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions

Fig. 7

Effect of swarming behavior on root growth directions; root (radius > 0.001 m) growth direction in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on root growth directions; root (radius > 0.001 m) growth direction in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Parameters used in the study

Model parameterValueUnitDescription
Root growth period20daySteps of simulation
Root initial radius0.0018mRoot radius at the initiation of the root
Root initial position(0.25, 0.15, 0.25)-Root tip position at the initiation of the root
 E12per daySlope of growth rate versus diameter (Pagès 2011)
 dmin0.0002mMinimum diameter (Pagès 2011)
 dmax0.0018mMaximum diameter (Pagès 2011)
 ipd0.0012mInterprimordium distance (Pagès 2011)
 plre0.7-Potential probability of lateral root emergence (Araya et al. 2016)
 σ2-Variation in diameter of branch root (Pagès 2011)
 ρ0.01mRadius of repulsive volume (Henke et al. 2014)
 γ0.05mRadius of attractive volume (Henke, et al. 2014)
 θ65°Opening angle of the cone within which the nutrient particle is absorbed (Henke et al. 2014)
Gravitropic intensity0.15-Intensity of gravitropism (Henke et al. 2014)
Intensity of D′0.75-Intensity with which the root turns by the swarming behavior (Henke et al. 2014)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2353-3978 | Journal ISSN: 2300-5009
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 12
Submitted on: Jan 1, 2020
Accepted on: Mar 1, 2020
Published on: Jun 30, 2020
Published by: National Institute of Horticultural Research
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
swarming behavior,
root growth strategies,
soil environment,
functional-structural root modeling,
root plasticity
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Biotechnology,
Plant science,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Songyang Li, Wenqi Yu, Xiaodong Liu, Miao Wang, published by National Institute of Horticultural Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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