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Living Environment and Basic Features of the Nematodes Associated with Dung Beetle Onthophagus atripennis Cover

Living Environment and Basic Features of the Nematodes Associated with Dung Beetle Onthophagus atripennis

Journal of Nematology
Volume 57 (2025): Issue 1 (February 2025)
By: Yuya Ikeda,  Natsumi Kanzaki and  Ryoji Shinya  
Open Access
|Aug 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Onthophagus atripennis and their brood balls. (A) An adult male of Onthophagus atripennis. (B) A rearing case of Onthophagus atripennis and their brood balls (white arrow). (C) A brood ball and egg of Onthophagus atripennis.
Onthophagus atripennis and their brood balls. (A) An adult male of Onthophagus atripennis. (B) A rearing case of Onthophagus atripennis and their brood balls (white arrow). (C) A brood ball and egg of Onthophagus atripennis.

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic tree of Mononchoides sp. (SHR143) and Onthodiplogaster japonica (SHR18) with 20 Diplogastrid taxa inferred from the 28S rDNA gene by using the Maximum Likelihood method under Tamura-Nei model. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in percent for 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Phylogenetic tree of Mononchoides sp. (SHR143) and Onthodiplogaster japonica (SHR18) with 20 Diplogastrid taxa inferred from the 28S rDNA gene by using the Maximum Likelihood method under Tamura-Nei model. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in percent for 1000 bootstrap replicates.

Figure 3:

Characteristic parts of nematode isolated in this study. Head regions of (A) Onthodiplogaster japonica (SHR18), (B) Pelodera sp. (SHR133), (C) Pelodera sp. (SHR150), and (D) eurystomatous form and (E) stenostomatous form of Mononchoides sp. (SHR143). (F) Ventral part and a juvenal of Tokorhabditis atripennis (SHR108). Mail tail regions of (G, H) Tokorhabditis atripennis (SHR108), and (I, J) Tokorhabditis tauri (SHR107). The white bars in these images are scale of 10 μm. cldt: claw-like dorsal tooth. rst: right subventral tooth.
Characteristic parts of nematode isolated in this study. Head regions of (A) Onthodiplogaster japonica (SHR18), (B) Pelodera sp. (SHR133), (C) Pelodera sp. (SHR150), and (D) eurystomatous form and (E) stenostomatous form of Mononchoides sp. (SHR143). (F) Ventral part and a juvenal of Tokorhabditis atripennis (SHR108). Mail tail regions of (G, H) Tokorhabditis atripennis (SHR108), and (I, J) Tokorhabditis tauri (SHR107). The white bars in these images are scale of 10 μm. cldt: claw-like dorsal tooth. rst: right subventral tooth.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree of Tokorhabditis spp. with 7 syn. Rhabditis taxa and Pelodera spp. with 9 Pleiorhabditis taxa inferred from the 28S rDNA gene by using the maximum likelihood method under GTR + G + I model. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in percent for 1,000 bootstrap replicates.
Phylogenetic tree of Tokorhabditis spp. with 7 syn. Rhabditis taxa and Pelodera spp. with 9 Pleiorhabditis taxa inferred from the 28S rDNA gene by using the maximum likelihood method under GTR + G + I model. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in percent for 1,000 bootstrap replicates.

Figure 5:

Tail regions of Pelodera (coarctata group) isolated in this study. (A) The female tail of SHR133. (B) The male tail of SHR133. (C) The female tail of SHR150. (D) The male tail of SHR150. The white bars in these images are scale of 10 μm.
Tail regions of Pelodera (coarctata group) isolated in this study. (A) The female tail of SHR133. (B) The male tail of SHR133. (C) The female tail of SHR150. (D) The male tail of SHR150. The white bars in these images are scale of 10 μm.

Figure S1:

The dimension of dung beetles’ rearing case.
The dimension of dung beetles’ rearing case.

Figure S2:

The alignment result of partial 28S rDNA region of the three strains, SHR18, 27, and 154.
The alignment result of partial 28S rDNA region of the three strains, SHR18, 27, and 154.

Figure S3:

The alignment result of partial 18S rDNA region of the three strains, EJR13, 95, and SHR107.
The alignment result of partial 18S rDNA region of the three strains, EJR13, 95, and SHR107.

Figure S4:

The overall view of Mononchoides sp., strain SHR143.
The overall view of Mononchoides sp., strain SHR143.

The details of beetles’ rearing cases and samples isolated from the cases_

IDDate of settingDate of dissectionNumber of beetlesNumber of Brood balls
MaleFemale
12023.7.142023.7.21222
22023.7.142023.7.21124
32023.7.162023.7.24120
42023.7.182023.7.25220

The nematode strains isolated from samples of rearing cases_ The ID number described in “Isolated from” is the “ID” used in Table 2_

StrainIsolated fromEstimated taxonSequence region (Primer)Accession No.
SHR88Feces from ID 1T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022059
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022047
SHR142Tunnel from ID 1T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022060
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022048
SHR133Feces from ID 2Pelodera sp.28S rDNA (D2a/D4R), 18SPV022061
rDNA (988F/F22/R13/2646R)PV022049
SHR132Feces from ID2T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022062
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022050
SHR93Tunnel from ID2T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R)PV022051
SHR120Tunnel from ID 2Oscheius sp.18S rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022063
SHR108Brood ball from ID 2T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022064
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022052
SHR107Tunnel from ID 3T. tauri28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022065
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022053
SHR143Feces from ID 3Mononchoides sp.28S rDNA (D1F/D2a/D3b/D4R), 18SPV022066
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022054
SHR106Feces from ID 4T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022067
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022055
SHR150Feces from ID 4Pelodera sp.28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022068
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022056
SHR114Tunnel from ID 4T. atripennis28S rDNA (D1F/D4R), 18SPV022069
rDNA (18S-CL-F3/18S-CL-R1)PV022057

Onthopahgus atripennis collected by pit-hole trap in this study and the associated nematodes_ All beetles were collected in Kawasaki, Kanagawa_

DateSiteAssociated nematodeStrain
2021.5.14Meiji University--
2021.5.14Meiji UniversityTokorhabditis atripennisSHR9
2021.5.14Meiji University--
2021.5.14Meiji University--
2021.5.14Meiji University--
2021.5.15Meiji University--
2021.5.15Meiji University--
2021.8.2Meiji University--
2021.8.2Meiji University--
2021.8.2Meiji University--
2021.8.2Meiji UniversityOnthodiplogaster japonicaSHR18
2021.8.4Meiji UniversityTokorhabditis atripennisSHR21
2021.8.4Meiji University--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science CenterOnthodiplogaster japonicaSHR154
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science CenterTokorhabditis atripennisSHR16
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science Center--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science Center--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science Center--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science Center--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science Center--
2021.9.30Kurokawa Field Science CenterOnthodiplogaster japonicaSHR22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0035 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Apr 1, 2025
Published on: Aug 31, 2025
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
insect-nematode interaction,
dung beetle,
ecology,
viviparity
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2025 Yuya Ikeda, Natsumi Kanzaki, Ryoji Shinya, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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