Barbara, K. A. and Buss, E. A. 2004. Survival and infectivity of Steinernema scapterisci (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) after contact with soil drench solutions. Florida Entomologist 87: 300–305.
Baur, M. E., Kaya, H. K., Gaugler, R., and Tabashnik, B. 1997. Effects of adjuvants on entomopathogenic nematode persistence and efficacy against Plutella xylostella. Biocontrol Science and Technology 7(4):513–526.
Baur, M. E., Kaya, H. K., Thurston, G. S. 1995. Factors affecting entomopathogenic nematode infection of Plutella xylostella on a leaf surface. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 77(3): 239–250.
Beck, B., Brusselman, E., Nuyttens, D., Moens, M., Pollet, S., Temmerman, F., and Spanoghe, P. 2013. Improving foliar applications of entomopathogenic nematodes by selecting adjuvants and spray nozzles. Biocontrol Science and Technology 23(5): 507–520.
Blanco, C. A., Gould, F., Vega-Aquino, P., Jurat-Fuentes, J. L., Perera, O. P., and Abel, C. A. 2009a. Response of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains to Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1Ac incorporated into different insect artificial diets. Journal of Economic Entomology 102(4):1599–1606.
Blanco, C. A., Portilla, M., Abel, C. A., Winters, H., Ford, R., and Streett, D. 2009b. Soybean flour and wheat germ proportions in artificial diet and their effect on the growth rates of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. Journal of Insect Science 9(1):59.
Debnath, R., George, J., Gautam, M., Shafi, I., Kariyat, R., and Reddy, G. V. P. 2024. Ecological interactions, host plant defenses, and control strategies in managing soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Frontiers in Insect Science 4:1480940.
Felland, C. M., Pitre, H. N., Luttrell, R. G., and Hamer, J. L. 1990. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mississippi. Journal of Economic Entomology 83(1):35–40.
Gaugler, R., and Boush, G. M. 1978. Effects of ultraviolet radiation and sunlight on the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 32(3):291–296.
Gaugler, R., Bednarek, A., and Campbell, J. F. 1992. Ultraviolet inactivation of heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 59(2):155–160.
Glazer, I., and Navon, A. 1990. Activity and persistence of entomoparasitic nematodes tested against Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 83(5):1795–1800.
Glazer, I., Klein, M., Navon, A., and Nakache, Y. 1992. Comparison of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with antidesiccants applied by canopy sprays against three cotton pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 85(5):1636–1641.
Hensley, S. D., Newsom, L. D., and Chapin, J. 1964. Observations on the looper complex of the noctuid subfamily Plusiinae. Journal of Economic Entomology 57(6):1006–1007.
Horikoshi, R. J., Bernardi, O., Godoy, D. N., Semeão, A. A., Willse, A., Corazza, G. O., Ruthes, E., Fernandes, D. S., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Bueno, A. F., Omoto, C., Berger, G. U., Corrêa, A. S., Martinelli, S., Dourado, P. M., and Head, G. 2021. Resistance status of lepidopteran soybean pests following large-scale use of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in Brazil. Scientific Reports 11(1):21323.
Jones, K. A., and Burges, H. D. 1998. Technology of formulation and application. Pp. 7–30 in H.D. Burges, ed. Formulation of microbial biopesticides: Beneficial microorganisms, nematodes, and seed treatments. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press.
Kaya, H. K., Hara, A. H. and Reardon, R. C. 1981. Laboratory and field evaluation of Neoaplectana car-pocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 113(9):787–793.
Kaya, H. K., and Reardon, R. C. 1982. Evaluation of Neoaplectana carpocapsae for biological control of the western spruce budworm. Choristoneura occidentalis: infectiveness and persistence of tank mixes. Journal of Nematology 14(4):595–597.
Kaya, H. K., and Stock, S. P. 1997. Techniques in insect nematology. Pp. 281–324 in L. A. Lacey, ed. Manual of techniques in insect pathology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Krishnayya, P. V., and Grewal, P. S. 2002. Effect of neem and selected fungicides on viability and virulence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 12(2):259–266.
Mascarenhas, R. N., and Boethel, D. J. 1997. Responses of field-collected strains of Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected insecticides using an artificial diet overlay bioassay. Journal of Economic Entomology 90(5):1117–1124.
Mason, J. M., Matthews, G. A., and Wright, D. J. 1998. Screening and selection of adjuvants for the spray application of entomopathogenic nematodes against a foliar pest. Crop Protection, 17(5):463–470.
Navaneethan, T., Strauch, O., Besse, S., Bonhomme, A., and Ehlers, R.-U. 2010. Influence of humidity and a surfactant-polymer-formulation on the control potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae against diapausing codling moth larvae (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Biological Control, 55(6);777–788.
Patel, M. N., Perry, R. N., and Wright, D. J. 1997. Desiccation survival and water contents of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema spp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). International Journal for Parasitology 27(1):61–70.
Portman, S. L., Krishnankutty, S. M., and Reddy, G. V. P. 2016. Entomopathogenic nematodes combined with adjuvants presents a new potential biological control method for managing the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). PLoS One 11(12): e0169022.
Schroer, S., and Ehlers, R.-U., 2005. Foliar application of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae for biological control of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella). Biological Control 33:81–86.
Schroer, S., Yi, X., and Ehlers, R.-U. 2005a. Evaluation of adjuvants for foliar application of Steinernema carpocapsae against larvae of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Nematology 7(1):37–44.
Schroer, S., Ziermann, D., and Ehlers, R.-U. 2005b. Mode of action of a surfactant-polymer formulation to support performance of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae for control of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15:601–613.
Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Hazir, S., and Lite, L. 2015. Viability and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Journal of Nematology 47:184–189.
Tabashnik, B. E., and Carrière, Y. 2017. Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability. Nature Biotechnology 35(10):926–935.
Thomas, J. D., and Boethel, D. J. 1994. Synergism of insecticides in tests with resistant soybean looper larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory and field. Journal of Economic Entomology 87(6):1416–1422.
Zhang, M., Spaulding, N., Reddy, G. V. P., and Shapiro-Ilanl D. I. 2024. The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes plus an adjuvant against Helicoverpa zea and Chrysodeixis includens in aboveground applications. Journal of Nematology 56(1):1–14.