Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) Associated with Potato in Uganda Cover

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) Associated with Potato in Uganda

Open Access
|Jul 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Light- and scanning electron microscopy images of females of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. A, B, E: Anterior body in lateral view showing the position of the SE pore opening and the hemizonid, stylet and stylet knobs, and median bulb, (arrows indicate tulip-shaped stylet knobs); C, D, F: Head region showing lip annuli, oral disc and longitudinal striations on the basal lip annule, (arrows indicate the four lip annuli, horizontal arrow the basal lip annule); G, H, I, N: Vulva region in ventral and lateral views and the out stretched anterior and posterior gonads; J: Body habitus; K, L, M: Scutella (appointed with arrow), lateral view; O: Mid body lateral field, arrow showing zigzag longitudinal line formed by anastomoses; P, S: Lateral field in the posterior region; Q, R: Tail region showing anal opening and tail annuli.
Light- and scanning electron microscopy images of females of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. A, B, E: Anterior body in lateral view showing the position of the SE pore opening and the hemizonid, stylet and stylet knobs, and median bulb, (arrows indicate tulip-shaped stylet knobs); C, D, F: Head region showing lip annuli, oral disc and longitudinal striations on the basal lip annule, (arrows indicate the four lip annuli, horizontal arrow the basal lip annule); G, H, I, N: Vulva region in ventral and lateral views and the out stretched anterior and posterior gonads; J: Body habitus; K, L, M: Scutella (appointed with arrow), lateral view; O: Mid body lateral field, arrow showing zigzag longitudinal line formed by anastomoses; P, S: Lateral field in the posterior region; Q, R: Tail region showing anal opening and tail annuli.

Figure 2:

Light- and scanning electron microscopy images of Hoplolaimus tuberous n. sp. males. A, B, C, D and F: Anterior body in lateral view showing head region, lip annuli (arrows; horizontal arrow indicates the basal lip annule), stylet, medium bulb and the lateral field (arrow indicate zigzag longitudinal line formed by anastomoses); E: body habitus; H: Mid body lateral field; G, I, J, K: Lateral and ventral view of the tail region showing spicules and bursa.
Light- and scanning electron microscopy images of Hoplolaimus tuberous n. sp. males. A, B, C, D and F: Anterior body in lateral view showing head region, lip annuli (arrows; horizontal arrow indicates the basal lip annule), stylet, medium bulb and the lateral field (arrow indicate zigzag longitudinal line formed by anastomoses); E: body habitus; H: Mid body lateral field; G, I, J, K: Lateral and ventral view of the tail region showing spicules and bursa.

Figure 3:

Illustrations of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp.: A: Female whole body; B: Female anterior region; C: Male anterior region; D: Male whole body; E, F: Female tail region; G: Female reproductive system; H: Male reproductive system; I: Male spicule, tail, and bursa.
Illustrations of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp.: A: Female whole body; B: Female anterior region; C: Male anterior region; D: Male whole body; E, F: Female tail region; G: Female reproductive system; H: Male reproductive system; I: Male spicule, tail, and bursa.

Figure 4:

BI phylogenetic tree generated from the analysis of D2–D3 of 28S rRNA (A) and COI of mt DNA (B) sequences using GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node and sequences of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. are in bold. Clade numbers are taken from Olajide et al. (2023).
BI phylogenetic tree generated from the analysis of D2–D3 of 28S rRNA (A) and COI of mt DNA (B) sequences using GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node and sequences of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. are in bold. Clade numbers are taken from Olajide et al. (2023).

Figure 5:

BI phylogenetic tree generated from the analysis of 18S-rRNA (A) and ITS-rRNA (B) sequences using GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node and sequences of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. are in bold. Clade numbers are taken from Olajide et al. (2023).
BI phylogenetic tree generated from the analysis of 18S-rRNA (A) and ITS-rRNA (B) sequences using GTR + G + I nucleotide substitution model. Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node and sequences of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n. sp. are in bold. Clade numbers are taken from Olajide et al. (2023).

Comparison of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n_ sp_ with seven Hoplolaimus species reported from Africa, focusing on some key female characteristics and the presence of males_

SpeciesBody length (mm) Longitudinal striae on basal lip annuli Lip Annuli Number Lateral incisures Stylet length Oesophageal gland nuclei Excretory pore in relation to hemizonid Phasmid in relation to Vulva Tail annuli Males Spicule length
Hoplolaimus tuberos n. sp.1.2–1.810–124 (rarely 3or 5)1 (2–3 incomplete)45–516Anterior One anterior and one posterior 8–10Present 46–58
H. pararobustus0.95 –1.718–354–51 (2–3)38–493Anterior One anterior and one posterior 7–15Present 40–57
H. galeatus1.2–1.932–365443–523Posterior One anterior and one posterior 10–16Present 40–52
H. seinhorsti1–1.68–124140–496Anterior One anterior and one posterior 10–15Unknown
H. aegypti1.3–1.913–224145–505 (6th obscure)Anterior One anterior and one posterior 17–27Present 54–65
H. columbus1.3–1.810–153140–486Anterior One anterior and one posterior 16–22Rarely present 36.6–52.5
H. clarissimus1.4–1.818–314 (rarely 3or 5)446–52.56Posterior One anterior and one posterior 20–26Present 58.5 (55.5–61.5)
H. indicus1.1–1.66–203–41 or (2–3 incomplete)33–476Anterior One anterior and one posterior 14 (8–22)Present 34–42

Morphometrics of Hoplolaimus tuberosus n_ sp_ specimens from Budwale subcounty Eastern Uganda (GPS location: 1° 3′ 36_5394″N; 34° 14′ 55_0674″E)_

CharacterHolotypeFemale paratypesMale paratypes
n11811
L12731439 ± 146 (1211–1629)1216 ± 92 (1048–1343)
a2222 ± 1.2 (20.7–23.8)23.6 ± 1.5 (22–27.3)
b1010.2 ± 1.1 (8.6–12.3)9 ± 0.8 (8.2–8.4)
b′78 ± 0.61 (6.2–9)7 ± 0.6 (6.1–8)
c93.599.8 ± 10 (85–122)30 ± 2.3 (25–33)
c′0.420.44 ± 0.04 (0.36–0.6)1.6 ± 0.1 (1.4–1.8)
V724823 ± 82 (697–1013)
V(%)5757 ± 1.06 (55–59.5)
Max. body diam5864 ± 4 (58–70)51.5 ± 4 (45–60)
Diameter at mid body5660 ± 5 (50–66)50 ± 4 (43.5–58)
Lip annuli4–54–54
Lip height8.37.5 ± 0.7 (6.7–9)8 ± 0.5 (7–8.3)
Lip diam.15.716.5 ± 1.1 (15–18)15 ± 0.6 (14.2–16.4)
Conus25.525 ± 1 (24–26)23.6 ± 0.6 (22.3–24.2)
Stylet length4948 ± 1.6 (45.4–51)45.6 ± 1.3 (43–47.3)
Knob diam.7.78.6 ± 0.86 (6.8–10)7.5 ± 1 (6.7–9)
Knob height76.6 ± 0.8 (5–7.5)6 ± 0.2 (5.6–6.2)
Stylet knobs to end of pharyngeal gland131147 ± 10 (130–163)137 ± 10 (126–154)
Pharynx & glands (anterior to pharyngeal gland tip)184184 ± 17 (153–221)178 ± 17.7 (142–203)
Tail length13.614 ± 1.07 (11.3–16)41 ± 3.5 (45.6–46)
Anal body diam.3232 ± 1.3 (30–36)26 ± 2 (22.5–29)
Excretory pore (from anterior end)93113 ± 10 (93–125)104 ± 12 (94–121)
DGO6.37 ± 0.5 (5.9–8)6 ± 0.4 (5.6–6.6)
Spicule length 52 ± 3.6 (46–58)
Gubernaculum 22.6 ± 2 (21.5–27)
Annulus diam.2.52.7 ± 0.3 (2.1–3)2.5 ± 0.2 (2.2–3)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 22, 2024
Published on: Jul 19, 2025
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2025 Rose Mwesige, Joseph Maosa, Marjolein Couvreur, Wim Bert, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.