Nematocidal activity of fungal filtrates on eggs and juveniles of five species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes

Jumbam, B.; Peetz, A. B.; Kunwar, V. S.; Zhang, L.; Zasada, I. A.; Aime, M. C.

doi:10.2478/jofnem-2025-0018

Figures & Tables

Micrograph of parameters used to differentiate between intact and damaged Heterodera gycines and Globodera ellingtonae eggs. A) 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained eggs viewed under the Echo Revolve fluorescent microscope; B) Bright field view with the Olympus microscope; C) Tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and 6)-isothiocyanate (TRITC) view with the Olympus microscope; and D) Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) view with the Olympus microscope (ie = intact eggs, de = damaged eggs, and j2 = second-stage juveniles).

Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Heterodera glycines and B) Globodera ellingtonae eggs. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), Alternaria tenuissima (JB217), Aureobasidium sp. (JB70), and Fusarium proliferatum (JB173).

Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Globodera ellingtonae (Ge), B) Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), C) M. hapla (Mh), and D) M. incognita (Mi) second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), and Alternaria tenuissima (JB217).

Fungi isolated from cyst nematodes initially screened for impacts on egg viability of Globodera ellingtonae (Ge) and Heterodera glycines (Hg)_ More information on isolation of these strains can be found in Jumbam et al_ (2024)_

Fungal Species	Strain	Source^a	Site^b	Country	% viable^c
Fungal Species	Strain	Source^a	Site^b	Country	Hg	Ge
Alternaria sp.	JB176	Gp	GH	USA	-	53
A. tenuissima	JB217	Hg	FD	USA	0	-
Arthopyrenia salicis	JB155	Gr	GH	France	67	0
Aureobasidium sp.	MCA7097	Air	FD	Peru	-	17
Aureobasidium sp.	JB70	Ge	FD	USA	-	29
Cephalotrichum microsporum	JB178	Gr	GH	France	-	20
Cladorrhinum samala	JB211	Hg	FD	USA	67	-
C. cladosporioides	JB93	Ge	FD	USA	-	46
C. herbarum	JB179	Gp	GH	France	-	18
Cladosporium sp.	JB110	Gp	GH	UK	-	42
Colletotrichum nigrum	JB115	Gr	GH	USA	100	-
Fusarium acacia-mearnsii	JB201	Hg	FD	USA	0	-
F. culmorum	JB121	Ha	GH	USA	69	-
F. equiseti	JB214	Hg	FD	USA	80	-
F. equiseti	JB126	Gr	FD	USA	-	36
F. oxysporium	JB213	Hg	FD	USA	81	50
F. proliferatum	JB173	Gp	GH	USA	82	1
F. pseudograminearum	JB276	Gs	FD	Peru	-	2
F. redolens	JB280	Gs	FD	Peru	-	8
Fusarium sp.	JB266	Gs	FD	Peru		48
F. tricinctum	JB124	Ha	GH	USA	57	-
Geomyces sp.1	JB219	Ha	FD	USA	100	-
Geomyces sp.2	JB220	Ha	FD	USA	67	-
Humicola grisea	JB275	Gs	FD	Peru	-	48
Keithomyces carneus	JB282	Gs	FD	Peru	-	37
Neocosmospora solani	JB123	Gr	GH	France	67	46
N. solani	JB202	Hg	FD	USA	60	-
Penicillium janthinellum	JB122	Gr	FD	USA	-	10
P. rubens	JB270	Gs	FD	Peru	-	47
Penicillium sp.	JB204	Hg	FD	USA	0	-
Purpureocillium lilacinum	JB209	Hg	FD	USA	83	-
Thielavia sp.	JB104	Ha	GH	USA	100	-
Trichocladium griseum	JB274	Gs	FD	Peru	-	47
Trichoderma sp.1	JB96	Gr	GH	USA	41	-
Trichoderma sp.2	JB98	Ha	GH	USA	11	28
T. virens	JB101	Gr	GH	France	71	45
Unknown1	JB240	Ha	FD	USA	70	-
Unknown2	JB243	Ha	FD	USA	87	-
Unknown3	JB245	Ha	FD	USA	0	-
Unseq2	JB278	Gr	FD	USA	-	42
Unseq3	JB285	Gs	FD	Peru	-	35
Zopfiella longicaudata	JB100	Gp	FD	France	-	45
Control	-	-	-	-	73	51

Top six fungi retained for fungal filtrate assays against Heterodera glycines (Hg), Globerdera ellingtonae (Ge), Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), M_ hapla (Mh), and M_ incognita (Mi) eggs or second-stage juveniles (J2)_

Strain	Fungal Species	Nematode	Life stage assayed
JB70	Aureobasidium sp.	Ge	eggs
JB98	Trichoderma virens	Ge, Hg	eggs
		Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi	J2
JB173	Fusarium proliferatum	Ge	eggs
JB201	F. acaciae-mearnsii	Hg	eggs
		Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi	J2
JB209	Purpureocilium lilacinum	Ge, Hg	eggs
		Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi	J2
JB217	Alternaria tenuissima	Hg	eggs
		Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi	J2

Nematocidal activity of fungal filtrates on eggs and juveniles of five species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

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Figure 3:

Fungi isolated from cyst nematodes initially screened for impacts on egg viability of Globodera ellingtonae (Ge) and Heterodera glycines (Hg)_ More information on isolation of these strains can be found in Jumbam et al_ (2024)_

Top six fungi retained for fungal filtrate assays against Heterodera glycines (Hg), Globerdera ellingtonae (Ge), Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), M_ hapla (Mh), and M_ incognita (Mi) eggs or second-stage juveniles (J2)_

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