Table 1:
Populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax collected from different plants and localities used in the present study
| D2-D3 rDNA | COI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mx1 | Female | Fars province, Dokohak | Sour cherry | MT951888 | MT951727 |
| Mx2 | Female | Fars province, Khan Zeniyan | Grapevine | MT951889 | MT951728 |
| Mx3 | Female | Fars province, Dokohak | Grapevine | MT951890 | MT951729 |
| Mx4 | Female | Fars province, Dasht Arjan | Almond | MT951891 | MT951730 |
| Mx5 | Female | Fars province, Dokohak | Almond | MT951892 | MT951731 |
| Mx6 | Female | Fars province, Dokohak | Apricot | MT951893 | MT951732 |
| Mx7 | Female | Fars province, Sepidan | Apple | MT951894 | MT951733 |
| Mx8 | Female | Fars province, Khan Zeniyan | Walnut | MT951895 | MT951734 |
| Mx9 | Female | Fars province, Dasht Arjan | Walnut | MT951896 | MT951735 |
| Mx10 | Female | Fars province, Dokohak | Walnut | MT951897 | MT951736 |
| Mx11 | Female | Fars province, Ghasrodasht | Walnut | MT951898 | MT951737 |
| Mx12 | Female | Fars province, Maharloo | Walnut | MT951899 | MT951738 |
| Mx13 | Female | Fars province, Bajgah | Greengage | MT951900 | MT951739 |
| Mx14 | Female | Fars province, Sepidan | Peach | MT951901 | MT951740 |
Figure 1:
Similarity dendrogram of 14 populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax as compared by UPGMA analysis of morphological characters.
Figure 2:
NJ tree of COI nucleotide sequences. New sequences are in bold (HG of Powers et al., 2014 are written in the front of sequences of Mesocriconema xenoplax).
Figure 3:
Bayesian Inference (BI) tree of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA nucleotide sequences. New sequences are in bold.
Figure 4:
ISSR patterns for 14 populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax generated with the primer (CA)8G. DNA Ladder = 200 bp.
Table 2:
Nei’s unbiased genetic distance between pairs of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations from Fars province, Southern Iran, detected by ISSR analyses.
| Associated plants | Sour cherry | Apricot | Walnut | Grapevine | Almond | Apple | Greengage | Peach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sour cherry | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Apricot | 0.034 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Walnut | 0.151 | 0.194 | *** | - | - | - | - | - |
| Grapevine | 0.225 | 0.269 | 0.196 | *** | - | - | - | - |
| Almond | 0.208 | 0.252 | 0.099 | 0.086 | *** | - | - | - |
| Apple | 0.171 | 0.212 | 0.165 | 0.205 | 0.167 | *** | - | - |
| Greengage | 0.185 | 0.226 | 0.161 | 0.239 | 0.181 | 0.058 | *** | - |
| Peach | 0.158 | 0.198 | 0.179 | 0.239 | 0.181 | 0.034 | 0.070 | *** |
| Geographic regions | Dokohak | Khan Zeniyan | Dasht Arjan | Sepidan | Ghasrodasht | Maharloo | Bajgah |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokohak | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Khan Zeniyan | 0.082 | *** | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dasht Arjan | 0.100 | 0.111 | *** | - | - | - | - |
| Sepidan | 0.170 | 0.200 | 0.181 | *** | - | - | - |
| Ghasrodasht | 0.191 | 0.229 | 0.245 | 0.315 | *** | - | - |
| Maharloo | 0.208 | 0.200 | 0.167 | 0.242 | 0.284 | *** | - |
| Bajgah | 0.248 | 0.264 | 0.270 | 0.143 | 0.411 | 0.314 | *** |
Figure 5:
UPGMA cluster diagram based on Dice coefficient estimated from 89 ISSR markers for 14 populations of the Mesocriconema xenoplax (host plants and geographic regions are written in the front of branches).
Figure 6:
NJ cluster diagram from 89 ISSR markers for 14 populations of the Mesocriconema xenoplax (host plants and geographic regions are written in the front of branches).
Figure 7:
The bi-dimensional dispersion according to the principal coordinates analysis (PC1 vs PC2 and PC1 vs PC3) obtained using the GenAlex software for Mesocriconema xenoplax populations from Fars province, Southern Iran by ISSR analyses (above: populations defined by plants, below: populations defined by geographic regions).
Table 3:
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations, based on ISSR data
| Type of Population | Source of variation | Degree of freedom | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variation | (FST) | (Nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host | Between populations | 7 | 94.205 | 4.559* | 61 | 0.611 | 0.159 |
| Within populations | 7 | 31.900 | 2.900* | 39 | |||
| Total | 14 | 126.105 | 7.459 | ||||
| Geography | Between populations | 6 | 98.794 | 4.937* | 50 | 0.504 | 0.246 |
| Within populations | 8 | 48.500 | 4.850* | 50 | |||
| Total | 14 | 147.294 | 9.787 |
Table 4:
Pairwise estimates of FST and Nm among populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax recovered from Fars province, Southern Iran by ISSR analyses.
| Plants | Sour cherry | Apricot | Walnut | Grapevine | Almond | Apple | Greengage | Peach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sour cherry | *** | 0.032 | 0.306 | 0.050 | 0.236 | 0.030 | 0.027 | 0.039 |
| Apricot | 0.887 | *** | 0.211 | 0.042 | 0.177 | 0.024 | 0.030 | 0.033 |
| Walnut | 0.450 | 0.542 | *** | 0.288 | 2.177 | 0.259 | 0.253 | 0.230 |
| Grapevine | 0.833 | 0.857 | 0.465 | *** | 1.833 | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.047 |
| Almond | 0.514 | 0.585 | 0.103 | 0.120 | *** | 0.303 | 0.265 | 0.265 |
| Apple | 0.893 | 0.911 | 0.491 | 0.824 | 0.452 | *** | 0.038 | 0.031 |
| Greengage | 0.902 | 0.892 | 0.497 | 0.842 | 0.485 | 0.869 | *** | 0.027 |
| Peach | 0.865 | 0.884 | 0.521 | 0.842 | 0.485 | 0.891 | 0.903 | *** |
| Geographic regions | Dokohak | Khan Zeniyan | Dasht Arjan | Sepidan | Ghasrodasht | Maharloo | Bajgah |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokohak | *** | 1.549 | 1.462 | 0.679 | 0.697 | 0.662 | 0.606 |
| Khan Zeniyan | 0.139 | *** | 2.002 | 0.443 | 0.719 | 0.924 | 0.649 |
| Dasht Arjan | 0.146 | 0.111 | *** | 0.800 | 0.637 | 0.618 | 0.404 |
| Sepidan | 0.269 | 0.361 | 0.238 | *** | 0.539 | 0.583 | 0.501 |
| Ghasrodasht | 0.264 | 0.258 | 0.282 | 0.317 | *** | 0.828 | 0.935 |
| Maharloo | 0.274 | 0.213 | 0.288 | 0.300 | 0.232 | *** | 0.524 |
| Bajgah | 0.292 | 0.278 | 0.382 | 0.333 | 0.211 | 0.323 | *** |
Table S1:
Morphometric characters of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations recovered from the rhizosphere of different plants and localities in Fars province, Southern Iran (measurements are in μm for 10 females per plant).
| Characters | Almond | Almond | Apple | Apricot | Grapevine | Grapevine | Greengage | Peach | Sour Cherry | Walnut | Walnut | Walnut | Walnut | Walnut | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasht Arjan | Dokohak | Sepidan | Dokouhak | Khan Zeniyan | Dokohak | Bajgah | Sepidan | Dokohak | Dasht Arjan | Dokohak | Ghasrodasht | Maharlu | Khan Zeniyan | 140 ♀ | CV | |
| L | 547–712 | 595–762 | 510–610 | 533–679 | 481–649 | 541–667 | 488–631 | 446–598 | 490–676 | 530–629 | 543–720 | 661–787 | 479–619 | 561–720 | 594 ± 68 (446–787) | 11.5 |
| a | 9.5–12.4 | 10.7–13.8 | 10.9–13.6 | 10.3–12.0 | 8.7–11.6 | 9.8–12.2 | 8.7–11.6 | 8.9–11.8 | 7.9–15.2 | 9.7–15.3 | 9.3–13.4 | 10.3–12.9 | 8.7–12.1 | 10.0–16.5 | 11.2 ± 1.3 (7.9–16.5) | 11.8 |
| b | 3.5–5.0 | 4.2–5.1 | 3.8–4.5 | 3.9–4.9 | 3.5–4.4 | 3.7–4.5 | 3.5–4.5 | 3.6–4.2 | 3.7–4.9 | 3.7–4.6 | 3.7–4.7 | 3.9–5.6 | 3.2–4.8 | 4.0–5.1 | 4.2 ± 0.4 (3.2–5.6) | 10.0 |
| c | 25.1–50.0 | 27.2–62.5 | 28.3–46.7 | 36.5–54.8 | 24.3–49.5 | 29.6–51.3 | 26.0–44.1 | 27.8–42.8 | 31.8–43.3 | 32.3–49.9 | 36.7–63.2 | 38.1–54.5 | 29.6–51.2 | 33.2–52.1 | 39.3 ± 7.9 (24.3–63.2) | 20.1 |
| V | 93.5–95.4 | 93.8–95.7 | 93.4–94.6 | 94.7–95.8 | 92.1–94.4 | 94.6–96.0 | 91.9–94.5 | 93.5–96.0 | 94.5–95.4 | 94.6–95.7 | 94.6–95.9 | 93.9–95.5 | 94.0–95.4 | 93.3–95.7 | 94.6 ± 0.9 (91.9–96.0) | 0.9 |
| Stylet | 69.3–77.5 | 67.0–76.5 | 74.0–79.0 | 65.4–74.7 | 70.8–80.0 | 66.1–73.1 | 70.8–80.0 | 66.0–76.2 | 57.6–78.3 | 70.5–79.8 | 70.0–79.7 | 74.6–79.8 | 57.0–77.3 | 69.0–81.3 | 73.5 ± 4.3 (57.0–81.3) | 5.9 |
| DGO | 6.3–8.6 | 6.0–8.3 | - | 7.1–8.6 | 4.0–7.8 | 7.0–8.3 | 5.2–7.2 | - | 6.1–7.2 | 5.5–6.1 | 6.5–8.6 | 6.2–10.8 | 6.1–9.5 | 6.3–8.1 | 7.2 ± 0.9 (4.0–10.8) | 12.2 |
| Oesophagus | 133–156 | 137–159 | 127–141 | 132–162 | 125–147 | 126–156 | 127–144 | 124–143 | 125–153 | 132–156 | 137–153 | 131–169 | 128–152 | 138–170 | 142 ± 9.1 (124–170) | 6.4 |
| S-E pore | 135–171 | 146–183 | 134–158 | 142–182 | 128–163 | 135–166 | 131–152 | 132–151 | 138–173 | 140–169 | 137–177 | 146–203 | 133–163 | 149–176 | 154 ± 13.4 (128–203) | 8.7 |
| Head to vulva | 515–679 | 566–729 | 477–574 | 506–643 | 447–606 | 514–635 | 455–587 | 424–566 | 466–639 | 503–597 | 513–690 | 620–750 | 450–585 | 534–671 | 561 ± 67 (424–750) | 11.9 |
| Tail | 12.2–24.7 | 12.2–23.0 | 12.0–20.0 | 10.2–16.0 | 13.1–20.7 | 11.2–20.0 | 14.3–19.5 | 13.0–19.0 | 13.8–18.1 | 12.6–17.5 | 11.4–16.0 | 12.8–19.3 | 11.3–19.3 | 11.6–20.5 | 15.5 ± 2.5 (10.2–24.7) | 15.9 |
| Body width | 48.0–59.5 | 51.2–57.5 | 38.0–55.0 | 45.2–60.7 | 45.6–55.8 | 52.4–58.4 | 46.3–56.2 | 45.0–55.0 | 43.3–62.0 | 41.0–61.4 | 49.7–62.3 | 56.0–68.7 | 44.0–63.0 | 43.7–64.3 | 53.3 ± 5.7 (38.0–68.7) | 10.6 |
| R | 89–105 | 99–104 | 98–106 | 98–103 | 95–104 | 95–104 | 96–104 | 79–101 | 90–104 | 97–107 | 97–104 | 97–106 | 90–104 | 97–105 | 98 ± 5.4 (79–107) | 5.5 |
| Rst | 10–17 | 9–14 | 15–17 | 9–15 | 14–17 | 9–15 | 14–17 | 11–15 | 11–15 | 13–16 | 13–16 | 11–15 | 12–17 | 12–15 | 14 ± 1.9 (9–17) | 13.3 |
| Roes | 21–32 | 22–25 | 23–27 | 22–26 | 25–28 | 19–27 | 25–28 | 21–25 | 21–28 | 23–28 | 23–27 | 20–28 | 24–30 | 22–28 | 24.8 ± 2.2 (19–32) | 8.8 |
| Rex | 24–33 | 24–28 | 26–29 | 24–29 | 25–30 | 21–28 | 25–30 | 22–27 | 25–30 | 25–30 | 25–29 | 24–28 | 25–31 | 24–29 | 26.9 ± 1.9 (21–33) | 7.1 |
| RV | 6–8 | 6–9 | 6–7 | 5–7 | 7–9 | 5–7 | 7–9 | 5–6 | 4–6 | 5–6 | 5–6 | 6–8 | 5–6 | 5–7 | 6.2 ± 1.0 (4–9) | 15.9 |
| Ran | 3–5 | 3–4 | 3–4 | 2–4 | 3–4 | 3–4 | 3–4 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 2–4 | 2–3 | 3.1 ± 0.6 (2–5) | 18.4 |
| Rvan | 3 | 2–5 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 4–5 | 2–4 | 4–5 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 3.1 ± 0.8 (2–5) | 25.0 |
| VL | 30.2–36.6 | 28.6–38.7 | 30.0–37.0 | 25.2–36.0 | 30.3–46.6 | 23.0–32.0 | 30.0–47.1 | 20.0–36.0 | 24.0–36.3 | 26.4–31.4 | 26.0–32.0 | 32.5–43.8 | 26.5–34.0 | 26.2–48.6 | 32.1 ± 4.8 (20.0–48.6) | 14.9 |
| VB | 24.7–37.8 | 31.2–40.2 | 31.0–37.0 | 31.0–41.5 | 30.1–40.0 | 33.0–39.5 | 30.0–40.2 | 28.0–38.0 | 32.3–37.0 | 26.6–38.8 | 31.1–40.8 | 31.4–47.6 | 33.4–39.5 | 29.8–42.8 | 35.8 ± 3.6 (24.7–47.6) | 10.1 |
| VL/VB | 0.9–1.5 | 0.8–1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 0.7–0.9 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.7–0.9 | 0.7–1.3 | 0.7–0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 (0.7–1.5) | 14.9 |
| St/L % | 10.7–13.5 | 9.6–12.3 | 12.6–15.1 | 9.6–14.0 | 11.9–16.6 | 10.5–13.0 | 12.2–16.3 | 12.6–15.0 | 9.6–13.5 | 11.2–15.0 | 10.4–13.7 | 10.1–11.7 | 9.9–15.3 | 10.3–12.9 | 12.5 ± 1.5 (9.6–16.6) | 12.0 |
| St/Oes % | 45.6–57.5 | 45.9–51.6 | 54.6–61.4 | 43.8–55.3 | 49.2–60.8 | 44.3–55.8 | 49.2–59.8 | 50.4–56.4 | 43.0–55.8 | 49.2–60.5 | 48.8–55.7 | 45.8–56.9 | 40.4–56.0 | 47.8–53.9 | 51.7 ± 3.9 (40.4–61.4) | 7.6 |
| S-E pore/L % | 24–30 | 21–28 | 23–28 | 24–29 | 22–31 | 23–29 | 23–30 | 25–30 | 23–30 | 24–28 | 24–28 | 22–27 | 22–33 | 23–30 | 26 ± 2 (21–33) | 7.6 |
[i] Abbreviations in the Table. L: body length; a: body length to the greatest body diameter; b: body length to oesophagus length; c: body length to tail length; V: vulva position from anterior end to body length (expressed as a percentage); stylet: length of stylet; DGO: pharyngeal dorsal gland orifice from stylet knobs; Oes: oesophagus length; S-E pore: the distance of secretory-excretory pore from anterior end; tail: length of tail; BW: greatest body diameter; R: total number of body cuticular annuli; Rst: number of cuticular annuli from anterior end to the base of stylet knobs; Roes: the number of cuticular annuli from anterior end to the end of oesophagus; Rex: number of cuticular annuli from anterior end to secretory-excretory pore; RV: number of cuticular annuli between posterior end of body to vulva; Ran: number of cuticular annuli posterior to anus; Rvan: number of cuticular annuli between vulva and anus; VL/VB: post-vulval region length to vulval body diameter; St/L: stylet length to body length (as a percentage); St/Oes: stylet length to oesophagus length (as a percentage); S-E pore/L: distance between anterior end and secretory-excretory pore to body length (as a percentage).