Genetic diversity of the recovered populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from orchards in Fars province, Southern Iran

Dehghan, Ali Asghar; Ghaderi, Reza; Karegar, Akbar; Hesar, Abbas Mokaram

Genetic diversity of the recovered populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from orchards in Fars province, Southern Iran

Journal of Nematology

Volume 56 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By:

Ali Asghar Dehghan, Reza Ghaderi

, Akbar Karegar

and Abbas Mokaram Hesar

Open Access

|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Similarity dendrogram of 14 populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax as compared by UPGMA analysis of morphological characters.

NJ tree of COI nucleotide sequences. New sequences are in bold (HG of Powers et al., 2014 are written in the front of sequences of Mesocriconema xenoplax).

Bayesian Inference (BI) tree of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA nucleotide sequences. New sequences are in bold.

ISSR patterns for 14 populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax generated with the primer (CA)8G. DNA Ladder = 200 bp.

UPGMA cluster diagram based on Dice coefficient estimated from 89 ISSR markers for 14 populations of the Mesocriconema xenoplax (host plants and geographic regions are written in the front of branches).

NJ cluster diagram from 89 ISSR markers for 14 populations of the Mesocriconema xenoplax (host plants and geographic regions are written in the front of branches).

The bi-dimensional dispersion according to the principal coordinates analysis (PC1 vs PC2 and PC1 vs PC3) obtained using the GenAlex software for Mesocriconema xenoplax populations from Fars province, Southern Iran by ISSR analyses (above: populations defined by plants, below: populations defined by geographic regions).

Nei’s unbiased genetic distance between pairs of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations from Fars province, Southern Iran, detected by ISSR analyses_

Associated plants	Sour cherry	Apricot	Walnut	Grapevine	Almond	Apple	Greengage	Peach
Sour cherry	***	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Apricot	0.034	***	-	-	-	-	-	-
Walnut	0.151	0.194	***	-	-	-	-	-
Grapevine	0.225	0.269	0.196	***	-	-	-	-
Almond	0.208	0.252	0.099	0.086	***	-	-	-
Apple	0.171	0.212	0.165	0.205	0.167	***	-	-
Greengage	0.185	0.226	0.161	0.239	0.181	0.058	***	-
Peach	0.158	0.198	0.179	0.239	0.181	0.034	0.070	***

Pairwise estimates of FST and Nm among populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax recovered from Fars province, Southern Iran by ISSR analyses_

Plants	Sour cherry	Apricot	Walnut	Grapevine	Almond	Apple	Greengage	Peach
Sour cherry	***	0.032	0.306	0.050	0.236	0.030	0.027	0.039
Apricot	0.887	***	0.211	0.042	0.177	0.024	0.030	0.033
Walnut	0.450	0.542	***	0.288	2.177	0.259	0.253	0.230
Grapevine	0.833	0.857	0.465	***	1.833	0.053	0.047	0.047
Almond	0.514	0.585	0.103	0.120	***	0.303	0.265	0.265
Apple	0.893	0.911	0.491	0.824	0.452	***	0.038	0.031
Greengage	0.902	0.892	0.497	0.842	0.485	0.869	***	0.027
Peach	0.865	0.884	0.521	0.842	0.485	0.891	0.903	***

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations, based on ISSR data

Type of Population	Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Sum of squares	Variance components	Percentage of variation	(F_ST)	(Nm)
Host	Between populations	7	94.205	4.559^*	61	0.611	0.159
	Within populations	7	31.900	2.900^*	39
	Total	14	126.105	7.459
Geography	Between populations	6	98.794	4.937^*	50	0.504	0.246
	Within populations	8	48.500	4.850^*	50
	Total	14	147.294	9.787

Morphometric characters of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations recovered from the rhizosphere of different plants and localities in Fars province, Southern Iran (measurements are in μm for 10 females per plant)_

Characters	Almond	Almond	Apple	Apricot	Grapevine	Grapevine	Greengage	Peach	Sour Cherry	Walnut	Walnut	Walnut	Walnut	Walnut	Total

	Dasht Arjan	Dokohak	Sepidan	Dokouhak	Khan Zeniyan	Dokohak	Bajgah	Sepidan	Dokohak	Dasht Arjan	Dokohak	Ghasrodasht	Maharlu	Khan Zeniyan	140 ♀	CV
L	547–712	595–762	510–610	533–679	481–649	541–667	488–631	446–598	490–676	530–629	543–720	661–787	479–619	561–720	594 ± 68 (446–787)	11.5
a	9.5–12.4	10.7–13.8	10.9–13.6	10.3–12.0	8.7–11.6	9.8–12.2	8.7–11.6	8.9–11.8	7.9–15.2	9.7–15.3	9.3–13.4	10.3–12.9	8.7–12.1	10.0–16.5	11.2 ± 1.3 (7.9–16.5)	11.8
b	3.5–5.0	4.2–5.1	3.8–4.5	3.9–4.9	3.5–4.4	3.7–4.5	3.5–4.5	3.6–4.2	3.7–4.9	3.7–4.6	3.7–4.7	3.9–5.6	3.2–4.8	4.0–5.1	4.2 ± 0.4 (3.2–5.6)	10.0
c	25.1–50.0	27.2–62.5	28.3–46.7	36.5–54.8	24.3–49.5	29.6–51.3	26.0–44.1	27.8–42.8	31.8–43.3	32.3–49.9	36.7–63.2	38.1–54.5	29.6–51.2	33.2–52.1	39.3 ± 7.9 (24.3–63.2)	20.1
V	93.5–95.4	93.8–95.7	93.4–94.6	94.7–95.8	92.1–94.4	94.6–96.0	91.9–94.5	93.5–96.0	94.5–95.4	94.6–95.7	94.6–95.9	93.9–95.5	94.0–95.4	93.3–95.7	94.6 ± 0.9 (91.9–96.0)	0.9
Stylet	69.3–77.5	67.0–76.5	74.0–79.0	65.4–74.7	70.8–80.0	66.1–73.1	70.8–80.0	66.0–76.2	57.6–78.3	70.5–79.8	70.0–79.7	74.6–79.8	57.0–77.3	69.0–81.3	73.5 ± 4.3 (57.0–81.3)	5.9
DGO	6.3–8.6	6.0–8.3	-	7.1–8.6	4.0–7.8	7.0–8.3	5.2–7.2	-	6.1–7.2	5.5–6.1	6.5–8.6	6.2–10.8	6.1–9.5	6.3–8.1	7.2 ± 0.9 (4.0–10.8)	12.2
Oesophagus	133–156	137–159	127–141	132–162	125–147	126–156	127–144	124–143	125–153	132–156	137–153	131–169	128–152	138–170	142 ± 9.1 (124–170)	6.4
S-E pore	135–171	146–183	134–158	142–182	128–163	135–166	131–152	132–151	138–173	140–169	137–177	146–203	133–163	149–176	154 ± 13.4 (128–203)	8.7
Head to vulva	515–679	566–729	477–574	506–643	447–606	514–635	455–587	424–566	466–639	503–597	513–690	620–750	450–585	534–671	561 ± 67 (424–750)	11.9
Tail	12.2–24.7	12.2–23.0	12.0–20.0	10.2–16.0	13.1–20.7	11.2–20.0	14.3–19.5	13.0–19.0	13.8–18.1	12.6–17.5	11.4–16.0	12.8–19.3	11.3–19.3	11.6–20.5	15.5 ± 2.5 (10.2–24.7)	15.9
Body width	48.0–59.5	51.2–57.5	38.0–55.0	45.2–60.7	45.6–55.8	52.4–58.4	46.3–56.2	45.0–55.0	43.3–62.0	41.0–61.4	49.7–62.3	56.0–68.7	44.0–63.0	43.7–64.3	53.3 ± 5.7 (38.0–68.7)	10.6
R	89–105	99–104	98–106	98–103	95–104	95–104	96–104	79–101	90–104	97–107	97–104	97–106	90–104	97–105	98 ± 5.4 (79–107)	5.5
Rst	10–17	9–14	15–17	9–15	14–17	9–15	14–17	11–15	11–15	13–16	13–16	11–15	12–17	12–15	14 ± 1.9 (9–17)	13.3
Roes	21–32	22–25	23–27	22–26	25–28	19–27	25–28	21–25	21–28	23–28	23–27	20–28	24–30	22–28	24.8 ± 2.2 (19–32)	8.8
Rex	24–33	24–28	26–29	24–29	25–30	21–28	25–30	22–27	25–30	25–30	25–29	24–28	25–31	24–29	26.9 ± 1.9 (21–33)	7.1
RV	6–8	6–9	6–7	5–7	7–9	5–7	7–9	5–6	4–6	5–6	5–6	6–8	5–6	5–7	6.2 ± 1.0 (4–9)	15.9
Ran	3–5	3–4	3–4	2–4	3–4	3–4	3–4	2–3	2–3	3–4	2–3	3–4	2–4	2–3	3.1 ± 0.6 (2–5)	18.4
Rvan	3	2–5	2–3	2–3	4–5	2–4	4–5	2–3	2–3	2–3	2–3	3–4	2–3	3–4	3.1 ± 0.8 (2–5)	25.0
VL	30.2–36.6	28.6–38.7	30.0–37.0	25.2–36.0	30.3–46.6	23.0–32.0	30.0–47.1	20.0–36.0	24.0–36.3	26.4–31.4	26.0–32.0	32.5–43.8	26.5–34.0	26.2–48.6	32.1 ± 4.8 (20.0–48.6)	14.9
VB	24.7–37.8	31.2–40.2	31.0–37.0	31.0–41.5	30.1–40.0	33.0–39.5	30.0–40.2	28.0–38.0	32.3–37.0	26.6–38.8	31.1–40.8	31.4–47.6	33.4–39.5	29.8–42.8	35.8 ± 3.6 (24.7–47.6)	10.1
VL/VB	0.9–1.5	0.8–1.0	0.9–1.2	0.7–0.9	0.8–1.2	0.7–1.0	0.8–1.2	0.7–1.0	0.7–1.0	0.8–1.2	0.7–0.9	0.7–1.3	0.7–0.9	0.7–1.2	0.9 ± 0.1 (0.7–1.5)	14.9
St/L %	10.7–13.5	9.6–12.3	12.6–15.1	9.6–14.0	11.9–16.6	10.5–13.0	12.2–16.3	12.6–15.0	9.6–13.5	11.2–15.0	10.4–13.7	10.1–11.7	9.9–15.3	10.3–12.9	12.5 ± 1.5 (9.6–16.6)	12.0
St/Oes %	45.6–57.5	45.9–51.6	54.6–61.4	43.8–55.3	49.2–60.8	44.3–55.8	49.2–59.8	50.4–56.4	43.0–55.8	49.2–60.5	48.8–55.7	45.8–56.9	40.4–56.0	47.8–53.9	51.7 ± 3.9 (40.4–61.4)	7.6
S-E pore/L %	24–30	21–28	23–28	24–29	22–31	23–29	23–30	25–30	23–30	24–28	24–28	22–27	22–33	23–30	26 ± 2 (21–33)	7.6

Populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax collected from different plants and localities used in the present study

Population code	Life stage	Locality	Host	Accession numbers
Population code	Life stage	Locality	Host	D2-D3 rDNA	*COI*
Mx1	Female	Fars province, Dokohak	Sour cherry	MT951888	MT951727
Mx2	Female	Fars province, Khan Zeniyan	Grapevine	MT951889	MT951728
Mx3	Female	Fars province, Dokohak	Grapevine	MT951890	MT951729
Mx4	Female	Fars province, Dasht Arjan	Almond	MT951891	MT951730
Mx5	Female	Fars province, Dokohak	Almond	MT951892	MT951731
Mx6	Female	Fars province, Dokohak	Apricot	MT951893	MT951732
Mx7	Female	Fars province, Sepidan	Apple	MT951894	MT951733
Mx8	Female	Fars province, Khan Zeniyan	Walnut	MT951895	MT951734
Mx9	Female	Fars province, Dasht Arjan	Walnut	MT951896	MT951735
Mx10	Female	Fars province, Dokohak	Walnut	MT951897	MT951736
Mx11	Female	Fars province, Ghasrodasht	Walnut	MT951898	MT951737
Mx12	Female	Fars province, Maharloo	Walnut	MT951899	MT951738
Mx13	Female	Fars province, Bajgah	Greengage	MT951900	MT951739
Mx14	Female	Fars province, Sepidan	Peach	MT951901	MT951740

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0048 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jul 24, 2024

Published on: Dec 24, 2024

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

ISSR,

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© 2024 Ali Asghar Dehghan, Reza Ghaderi, Akbar Karegar, Abbas Mokaram Hesar, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Genetic diversity of the recovered populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from orchards in Fars province, Southern Iran

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Nei’s unbiased genetic distance between pairs of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations from Fars province, Southern Iran, detected by ISSR analyses_

Pairwise estimates of FST and Nm among populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax recovered from Fars province, Southern Iran by ISSR analyses_

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations, based on ISSR data

Morphometric characters of the Mesocriconema xenoplax populations recovered from the rhizosphere of different plants and localities in Fars province, Southern Iran (measurements are in μm for 10 females per plant)_

Populations of Mesocriconema xenoplax collected from different plants and localities used in the present study

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