Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

Ploeg, A. T.; Witte, H.; Subbotin, S. A.; Tandingan De Ley, I.; Smith Becker, J.; Becker, J. O.

Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

Journal of Nematology

Volume 56 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By:

A. T. Ploeg, H. Witte, S. A. Subbotin, I. Tandingan De Ley, J. Smith Becker and J. O. Becker

Open Access

|Nov 2024

Figures & Tables

Example of two perineal patterns of a Meloidogyne marylandi population isolated from creeping bentgrass in Indian Wells, California.

Average (n = 3) egg production [Log10(eggs per root system) + 1] of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars in two replicated experiments, 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 eggs.

Effect of soil temperature on the reproductive rate R (days-1) of Meloidogyne marylandi in four experiments. Line represents regression analysis : R = 0.0020 × Ts-0.0168 for Ts = 17 – 29 °C, according to R = 1/S × Ts - Tb/S, with S = required heat sum (degree-days), Ts = soil temperature (°C), and Tb = base temperature (°C) for reproduction. Correlation coefficient R2 = 0.998.

Average (n = 12) total fresh weight of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) cuttings over a 180-day period under a range of Meloidogyne marylandi second-stage juvenile inoculum densities. Bentgrass was grown in 164 cm3 plastic cones in a greenhouse and cut every two weeks.

Average n = 6 reproduction factor (RF) final population/initial population of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars grown in 1-liter pots 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 M_ marylandi eggs per pot_

Species	Common name	Cultivar	Reproduction factor¹
Hordeum vulgare	Barley	Morex	38.57 ± 12.65 a
Avena sativa	Oat	California Red	35.12 ± 13.79 a
Zea mays	Sweet Corn	Silver Queen	16.16 ± 6.25 a
Triticum aestivum	Wheat	Ojo Rojo	12.19 ± 2.33 a
Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bentgrass	Penn A-4	6.46 ± 4.12 bcd
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Southern Starr	4.97 ± 2.02 ab
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Numex Sahara	4.61 ± 1.11 ab
Lolium perenne	Perennial Ryegrass	Zoom	4.09 ± 1.28 ab
Festuca ovina glauca	Blue Fescue	Elijah Blue	3.77 ± 0.87 ab
Poa annua	Annual Bluegrass	Two Putt	3.11 ± 0.79 abc
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Sundevil II	2.00 ± 0.79 bcde
Festuca rubra	Red Fescue	Commutata J5	1.71 ± 0.61 bcdef
Poa pratensis	Kentucky Bluegrass	4-Season	0.71 ± 0.27 efg
Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue	Watchdog	0.51 ± 0.21 fg
Allium porrum	Leek	American Flag	0.23 ± 0.10 defg
Agrostis capillaris	Colonial Bentgrass	Jorvik	0.11 ± 0.04 efg
Allium schoenoprasum	Chives	Garlic	0.08 ± 0.02 fg
Allium cepa	Onion	Yellow Granex	0.06 ± 0.04 gh
Arachis hypogaea	Peanut	Florrunner	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Capsicum annuum	Pepper	California Wonder	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Secale cereale	Rye	Merced	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Beta vulgaris	Sugarbeet	5 GK 1122	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Citrullus lanatus	Watermelon	Charleston Grey	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Brassica oleracea var. italica	Broccoli	Liberty	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Brassica oleracea	Cabbage	Copenhagen Market	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Cucumis melo	Cantaloupe	Durango	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Gossypium hirsutum	Cotton	GC 510	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Cucumis sativus	Cucumber	Imanol	0.00 ± 0.00 h
P-value crop cultivar effect: < 0.0001

Effect of soil temperature (°C) on number of days to complete the life cycle of a M_ marylandi population_

Soil temperature	Experiment
	1	2	3	4
17	55		59
20	41	41
25	29	30	30
27			27	26
29			23	24
30	24	25
31			24	32
33			25
35	29	29

Average n=5 reproduction factor RF (number of J2 recovered/number of J2 inoculated) of a M_ marylandi population during the first five days after life cycle completion at different soil temperatures (°C)_

Soil temperature	Experiment
	1	2	3	4
17	0.06		0.13
20	0.22	0.93
25	2.06	0.93	5.20
27			14.12	6.85
29			2.71	3.00
30	1.66	2.94
31			1.60	0.11
33			0.28
35	0.04	0.01

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0046 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Aug 21, 2024

Published on: Nov 23, 2024

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

creeping bentgrass,

golf course,

host range,

nematode-degree days,

morphology,

molecular identification,

Related subjects:

© 2024 A. T. Ploeg, H. Witte, S. A. Subbotin, I. Tandingan De Ley, J. Smith Becker, J. O. Becker, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Average n = 6 reproduction factor (RF) final population/initial population of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars grown in 1-liter pots 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 M_ marylandi eggs per pot_

Effect of soil temperature (°C) on number of days to complete the life cycle of a M_ marylandi population_

Average n=5 reproduction factor RF (number of J2 recovered/number of J2 inoculated) of a M_ marylandi population during the first five days after life cycle completion at different soil temperatures (°C)_

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