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First Report of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis (Nematoda: Criconematidae) on Tea Plantations in Iran

Open Access
|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Light photomicrographs of Hemicriconemoides kanayensis. A: Male entire body; B: Female entire body. C: Female pharyngeal region; D: Female posterior region; E: Juvenile stage entire body; F-G: Male tail with spicules. (Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm; C-E, G = 20 μm, F = 50 μm).
Light photomicrographs of Hemicriconemoides kanayensis. A: Male entire body; B: Female entire body. C: Female pharyngeal region; D: Female posterior region; E: Juvenile stage entire body; F-G: Male tail with spicules. (Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm; C-E, G = 20 μm, F = 50 μm).

Figure 2:

Biplot of principal component analysis (PCA) based on of the morphometric characters of H. kanayensis from Iran (HkaI), compared with population previous descripted in literature: H. kanayensis from Japan (HkaJ), from Taiwan (HkaT); H. mangiferae from Taiwan (HmaT1 and HmaT2) and from India (HmaI); H. litchi from USA (HliU); H. cocophilus (HcoM) from Mozambique; H. chitwoodi from China (HchC) and from USA (HchU); H. paracamelliae (HpaC) from China; H. brachyurus (HbrJ) from Japan; H. pseudobrachyurus (HpbB) form Belgium; H. phoenicis (HphU1 and HphU2) from USA; H. parataiwanensis (HptP) from Papua New Guinea; H. fujianensis (HfuC) from China; H. strictathecatus from USA (HstU1 and HstU2).
Biplot of principal component analysis (PCA) based on of the morphometric characters of H. kanayensis from Iran (HkaI), compared with population previous descripted in literature: H. kanayensis from Japan (HkaJ), from Taiwan (HkaT); H. mangiferae from Taiwan (HmaT1 and HmaT2) and from India (HmaI); H. litchi from USA (HliU); H. cocophilus (HcoM) from Mozambique; H. chitwoodi from China (HchC) and from USA (HchU); H. paracamelliae (HpaC) from China; H. brachyurus (HbrJ) from Japan; H. pseudobrachyurus (HpbB) form Belgium; H. phoenicis (HphU1 and HphU2) from USA; H. parataiwanensis (HptP) from Papua New Guinea; H. fujianensis (HfuC) from China; H. strictathecatus from USA (HstU1 and HstU2).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic tree of ITS of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from ITS sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (I+G) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree of ITS of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from ITS sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (I+G) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree based on D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2-D3 sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2-D3 sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic tree based on Mitochondrial COI of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from COI sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on Mitochondrial COI of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from COI sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Supplementary Figure 1:

Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from partial 18S sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (+Γ) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from partial 18S sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (+Γ) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Correlations between variables and components_

F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F10F11
L0,2900,3450,238−0,187−0,459−0,314−0,165−0,296−0,184−0,1020,486
a0,3620,2980,126−0,4310,107−0,0720,0900,2650,097−0,499−0,475
b−0,0860,515−0,249−0,260−0,2880,454−0,063−0,0640,3490,408−0,113
c−0,3760,0530,223−0,2200,356−0,413−0,466−0,2080,4390,071−0,041
V−0,3070,2900,421−0,0660,130−0,0420,3710,574−0,0220,1840,347
R−0,043−0,3430,415−0,5080,1000,552−0,185−0,136−0,2780,0180,075
Rex0,421−0,1820,105−0,0710,2450,0480,502−0,3170,5280,1070,261
RV0,3900,012−0,319−0,0020,3340,140−0,4840,4210,085−0,0080,443
Ran0,1440,4970,0780,2340,5740,0960,023−0,348−0,4130,170−0,108
ST0,418−0,1880,230−0,031−0,113−0,279−0,1260,214−0,0960,681−0,333
T0,1250,0820,5430,584−0,1660,321−0,2640,0530,314−0,175−0,097

Morphometric data of male of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis_ All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s_d_

CharacterThis study, IranChen et al. 2007, Taiwan (Pinglin)Chen et al. 2007, Taiwan (Rueisuei)Nakasono & Ichinohe 1961, Japan
N8887
L437 ± 29 (396–473)420 ± 10 (400–440)430 ± 30 (400–460)457 (422–489)
a27.6 ± 1.7 (25.9–29.5)28.9 ± 2.9 (24.7–33.9)29.8 ± 2.3 (26.7–33.9)29.7–32.6
c15 ± 1.06 (13.9–16.6)15.5 ± 1.1 (13.8–17.5)16.4 ± 1.2 (14.8–17.9)14.6 (14.6–15.1)
c′2.37 ± 0.26 (2.14–2.61)2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2–2.8)2.6 ± 0.2 (2.1–2.7)-
EP 91 ± 7 (83–100)99 ± 5 (92–107)86
Max. body diam15.9 ± 1.24 (14.6–17.7)---
Anal body diam. (ABD)12.5 ± 1.16 (11.5–13.6)10 ± 1 (10–11)10 ± 1 (10–11)-
Tail length (T)29.3 ± 2.74 (26.2–33)27 ± 2 (24–31)26 ± 2 (23–29)-
Spicule23.1 ± 1.81 (20.5–24.6)26.5 (n=4) (25.7–26.7)25.4 ± 1.1 (24.2–27.0)23.8
Gubernaculum4.83 ± 1.16 (3.7–6.9)---

Morphometrics of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Nakasono & Ichinohe, 1961_ female_ All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s_d_ (range)_

CharacterThis study IranMaria et al., 2018 ChinaNakasono & Ichinohe, 1961 Hangzhou Japan (Type Pop.)Germani & Anderson, 1991 TaiwanChen et al., 2007 Taiwan
N10152012*
L494 ± 41.77 (409–560)601 ± 43.2 (500–663)571 (500–631)510 (470–540)(430–600)
Rst24 ± 1.71 (21–27)21.6 ± 1.0 (20.0–24.0)---
ROes35 ±1.89 (33–39)30.4 ± 1.3 (29.0–33.0)---
Rex35 ± 2.2 (31–35)33.2 ± 1.3 (31.0–36.0)37 (30–44)35 (31–38)(35–41)
Rv16.4 ± 14 (15–19)15.1 ± 1.1 (14.0–17.0)18 (16–21)17 (16–18)(13–19)
Rvan5 ± 0.5 (5–6)4.8 ± 0.7 (4.0–6.0)---
Ran12 ±1.7 (11–17)10.3 ± 0.6 (9.0–11.0)12 (11–15)10 (8–11)(9–13)
a14.6 ± 1.3 (11.–16.8)20.5 ± 1.9 (17.6–24.4)21.5 (18.7–24.4)17.3 (15.8–18.4)(14.8–20.7)
b4.6 ± 0.44 (3.9–5.2)5.0 ± 0.3 (4.6–5.8)4.8 (3.3–5.6)4.8 (4.4–5.3)(3.6–5.3)
c14.5 ± 1.4 (13.6–16.6)15.7 ± 1.2 (13.9–17.8)14.3 (11.5–16.8)12.9 (12–14.7)(11.8–18.3)
c’1.84 ± 0.18 (1.5–2.1)2.0 ± 0.1 (1.8–2.3)--(1.5-2.5)
m83.2 ± (81.3–85)87.3 ± 1.3 (84.9–89.1)---
V89.1 ± 1.5 (88.4–90.7)93.0 ± 0.6 (92.1–94.4)88.9 (87.5–91.5)88.3 (86.4–89.2)(87.3–90.5)
VL/VB2.26 ± 0.23 (1.95–2.7)1.8 ± 0.1 (1.6–2.1)---
Stylet70.9 ± 4.6 (65.9–78.2)76 ± 2.7 (72–82)74 (66–79)75 (66–78)(69–79)
ST%L6.9 ± 1.2 (6.2–7.1)12.6 ± 0.9 (11.4–14.4)---
Stylet knob length2.6 ± 0.41 (2–3.3)3.3 ± 0.4 (3.0–4.2)---
Stylet knob width6.83 ± 0.79 (6–8.8)6.7 ± 0.4 (5.9–7.5)---
DGO5.4 ± 0.3 (5.1–5.9)5.9 ± 0.5 (5.1–6.5)---
Pharynx107 ± 9.8 (104.5–116.3)119 ± 6.3 (107–129)---
Anterior to excretory pore98.9 ±10.7 (88.3–116)130 ± 6.4 (115–138)--(92–144)
Max. body diam33.9 ± 1.7 (31–36)29.5 ± 2.4 (26.0–34.0)27 (22–29)--
Vulva body diam. (VD)22 ± 1.8 (20.7–25.5)22.8 ± 1.3 (20.0–25.0)--(18–29)
Vulva to tail tip49.9 ± 7.35 (42–69)42 ± 3.0 (36–46)---
Anal body diam. (ABD)17.9 ± 1.59 (16–21.3)19.3 ± 1.1 (17.0–21.5)---
Tail length (T)34.3 ± 4.16 (26.6–40)38 ± 3.0 (33–46)---
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0044 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 5, 2024
Published on: Dec 15, 2024
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2024 Negin Mirghasemi, Elena Fanelli, Alessio Vovlas, Alberto Troccoli, Salar Jamali, Francesca De Luca, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.