Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Korea, with an updated compendium of the genus

Mwamula, Abraham Okki; Kim, Yi Seul; Lee, Dong Woon

Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Korea, with an updated compendium of the genus

Journal of Nematology

Volume 56 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By:

Abraham Okki Mwamula, Yi Seul Kim and Dong Woon Lee

Open Access

|Oct 2024

Figures & Tables

Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Female reproductive system; D: Female anterior region; E: Female rectum and prerectum region; F: Female tail; G: The expanded part of pharynx (the glandularium).

Line drawings of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K): A: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus, the arrangement of ventromedian supplements and copulatory hump. (Arrows indicate the position of submedian papillae); B: Male tail region; C: Lateral guiding piece; D, E, F: Variation in shape and arrangement of pre/postvulval papillae; G, J, K: Variation in shape of cardia and basal shield; H: Head region; I: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure.

Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–G). A: Female anterior region; B: Posterior region of male, including copulatory apparatus and the arrangement of ventromedian supplements; C: Region of copulatory hump; D: Anterior and middle part of female tail; E: Whole female tail; F: Vulval region with pre/postvulval papillae conformation; G: Female posterior region, including the prerectum and rectum. (Scale bars: A, B, C, F, and G = 30 μm; D = 50 μm; E = 100 μm).

Photomicrographs of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (A–K). A, B, C: Variation in female anterior region; D: Shape of cardia and basal shield; E: Junction between intestine and prerectum with a conical or tongue-like structure; F: Region of copulatory hump; G, H: Variation in shape and configuration of advulval papillae; I, J: Variation in shape of male tail; K: Posteriormost part of female tail. (Scale bars: A, D–K = 20 μm; B, C = 10 μm).

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from 18S-rRNA gene sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Paravulvus hartingii and Nygolaimus cf. parvus.

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from LSU D2-D3 partial sequences of Dorylaimid species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroup taxa: Mononchus tunbridgensis and Anatonchus tridentatus.

Main morphometric characters of Paractinolaimus species (updated from Vinciguerra et al_ (2013))_ Measurements in μm, except L in mm_ (* measurements obtained from original drawings)_

Species	Sex	L	a	c	c’	V	Odont.	Pre/postvul. papillae	Spic.	Ventr. suppl.	Reference
acutus	♀	2.1–2.4	36–43	10–12	10–12	44–46	25–27	1, 2			Khan and Park (1999)
aruprus	♀	2.25–2.40	30–32	8	8.1	45–48	23–26	none			Khan et al. (1994)
baldus	♀	2.6	46	11	8.7*	52	27	none			Thorne (1967)
baldus	♂	2.9	49	84	0.7*		27			10–11	Thorne (1967)
cattienus	♀	2.38–2.43	40–51	8.2–10.1	9.6–12.7	47.8–48.6	18–19	none			Gusakov and Gagarin (2015)
cattienus	♂	2.22	39	148	0.6		19		48	12	Gusakov and Gagarin (2015)
chandicus	♀	2.1–2.3	44–54	14–17	5*	51–52	27–29	none			Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
chandicus	♂	2.1	43	88	0.9*		27		60	11	Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
chiki	♀	2.6–2.9	63–64	15–17	6.5–6.8	48–49	20–21	none			Dhanam et al. (1994)
decraemerae	♀	2.8–3.2	36–48	13–16	5.5–6.7	46–51	25–29	1, 1			Pedram et al. (2010)
decraemerae	♂	2.1	32	68	0.6		27		76	16	Pedram et al. (2010)
dhanachandi	♀	1.9	37	10	6.7	52	23				Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
elongatus	♀	3.1–3.4	62–65	16–17	5.3–5.5	49–53	31–33	none			Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
elongatus	♂	3–3.1	56–68	116–118	0.6–0.7		31–33		58–62	18–21	Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)
filipjevi	♀	3.3	43	6.8	12.1*	45	35				Schneider (1935)
girini	♀	2–2.3	28–29	18.7–22.4	3	54–56	24				Sukul (1967)
girini	♂	2.1	28	71			24			13	Sukul (1967)
indicus	♀	1.5–1.9	31–37	15–37	1.4–5.5	53–56	20–22	none			Khan and Ganguly (1988)
intermedius	♀	2.5–2.8	36–53	13–17	6–7	46–54	27	present			Altherr (1968)
intermedius	♂	2.6–3.6	36–60	70–115					63–65	14–19	Altherr (1968)
ishibashi	♀	3.0–3.3	51–55	8.3–9.9	6.2–6.8	49–52	27–28	1, 1			Khan et al. (2008)
longidrilus	♀	3–3.7	35–45	10–14	5.3–7.1	46–50	32–33	1–2, 1–2			Eveleigh (1982)
longidrilus	♂	3.5	46	91	0.8		33		83	19	Eveleigh (1982)
macrolaimus	♀	4.5	50	11.5	47			none			de Man (1880)
	♂	3.7	50	85						16–24	de Man (1880)
	♀	3.1–3.3	40–42	11.1–11.8		46–51		none			Loof (1961)
	♀	2.7–4.3	42–60	9.0–14	8–12	44–50	27–30	present			Andrássy (2009)
	♂	2.5–3.7	46–57	90–120			27–30			16–19
magistris	♀	1.9	34	51–53	1–1.1	53–54	28–30	none			Vinciguerra et al. (2013)
magistris	♂	2–2.3	42–45	60–76	0.8		31–35		53–60	14–15	Vinciguerra et al. (2013)
micoletzkyi	♀	1.9	29	24	2.3	54	28	none			Coomans et al. (1990)
micoletzkyi	♂	2.4	40	82	0.7		29		69	11	Coomans et al. (1990)
microdentatus	♀	3.4–3.5	43–53	12–14	7.6–8.5	51–53	31–35	none			Andrássy (1964)
microdentatus	♂	2.9–3.4	38–59	96–100			31–35		67–70	18–24	Andrássy (1964)
occalescens	♀	2.6	37	10	6*	51					Schneider (1937)
occalescens	♂	1.9	27	64	0.8					9	Schneider (1937)
pachydermis	♀	2.1	33–34	7.6–8	8–8.5	44–45	26–27	0, 1			Khan and Araki (2001)
parietinus	♀	1.8–2.4	27–38	9.0–14	5.8*	49–54	25	none			Eroshenko (1977)
parietinus	♂	1.7–2.4	25–34	50–74					70	16	Eroshenko (1977)
persicus	♀	2.3–2.6	32–35.5	11.7–16.9	3.3–5.9	47.6–51.6	25–28	none			Panahi et al. (2019)
persicus	♂	2.1–2.68	40.3	88.3	0.7		28–29		71–75.5	17–18	Panahi et al. (2019)
rafiqi	♀	4.4–5.3	72–89	20–27	4.4–6.5	50–52	33–35	2–3, 2–3			Khan and Jairajpuri (1998)
rafiqi	♂	5.0–5.2	85–87	198–209	0.9*		32–33		60*	21	Khan and Jairajpuri (1998)
robustus	♀	3	43	11	11*	50	23	none			Thorne (1967)
robustus	♂	2.8	47	71			23			10	Thorne (1967)
sahandi	♀	3.5–4.7	74–88	16–22	4.5–7.5	47–54	27–32	1–4, 1–3			Pedram et al. (2011)
sahandi	♂	3.2–4.4	70–93	116–166	0.6–0.7		27–31		62–81	15–17	Pedram et al. (2011)
shamimi	♀	1.4–1.5	46–52	3.7–4.2	19–20	41–42	12–15	none			Gantait et al. (2006)
spanithelus	♀	2.8–3.9	35–53	13–18	5.0–6.3	45–49	29–33	0, 0–1			Eveleigh (1982)
spanithelus	♂	3.4	36	76	1		30		67	12	Eveleigh (1982)
tuberculatus	♀	2.3–2.5	39–44	7.2–8.8	8.8–10.2	46–47	24–28	none			Choi and Khan (2000)
tuberculatus	♂	1.9–2.2	34–39	68–78	0.7*		24–27		66–69	15–19	Choi and Khan (2000)
uljinensis n. sp.	♀	2.5–3.0	40.2–47.9	6.9–8.5	10.1–14.2	42.5–47.7	23.5–27.0	3–9, 3–9			This study
uljinensis n. sp.	♂	2.2–2.8	40.2–48.9	82.9–121.4	0.6–0.9		23.5–27.0		60–70.5	12–15	This study
vigor	♀	2	34	14		53	28	none			Thorne (1967)
vulvapapillatus	♀	1.6	34	9	6.9	64	22	3, 3			Khan et al. (1994)
vulvapapillatus	♂	1.4–1.5	28–32	57–63	0.8		19–20		42–45	9	Khan et al. (1994)
xosorum	♀	1.66	29	18	3.2*	52	13				Heyns and Argo (1969)

Morphometrics of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n_ sp_ from Korea_

Character	Holotype ♀	♀♀	♂♂
n		30	28
L	2743.0	2764.0 ± 134.0 (2500.0–2980.0)	2449.0 ± 170.0 (2183.0–2833.0)
a	44.6	44.1 ± 2.1 (40.2–47.9)	43.1 ± 2.4 (40.2–48.9)
b	5.0	4.9 ± 0.2 (4.5–5.2)	4.4 ± 0.3 (3.8–4.9)
c	7.5	7.7 ± 0.4 (6.9–8.5)	103.7 ± 9.4 (82.9–121.4)
c’	12.2	11.7 ± 0.9 (10.1–14.2)	0.7 ± 0.1 (0.6–0.9)
V	45.6	45.5 ± 1.3 (42.5–47.7)	_
G1%	17.6	16.6 ± 1.6 (13.7–20.7)	_
G2%	18.0	17.9 ± 1.5 (14.6–21.5)	_
Lip height	7.5	7.6 ± 0.4 (7.0–8.5)	7.6 ± 0.5 (7.0–8.5)
Lip diam.	19.5	19.6 ± 0.6 (18.5–20.5)	19.6 ± 0.5 (19.0–20.5)
Anterior to guiding ring	19.5	19.2 ± 0.7 (17.5–20.5)	19.0 ± 0.5 (17.5–20.0)
Odontostyle	26.5	25.2 ± 1.0 (23.5–27.0)	25.1 ± 0.8 (23.5–27.0)
Odontophore	24.0	23.4 ± 0.9 (22.0–25.0)	23.3 ± 0.8 (22.0–25.0)
Total spear	50.5	48.5 ± 1.5 (45.5–51.0)	48.3 ± 1.3 (46.5–52.0)
Anterior to nerve ring	156.5	158.7 ± 6.0 (147.0–173.0)	158.7 ± 6.0 (146.0–172.0)
Pharynx length	546.0	562.4 ± 20.7 (502.0–598.0)	562.9 ± 19.2 (518.0–597.0)
Glandularium length	329.0	341.9 ± 15.5 (307.5–368.0)	348.1 ± 16.4 (313.5–384.5)
Cardia length	22.0	24.7 ± 3.6 (17.5–30.5)	24.5 ± 3.0 (19.0–29.5)
Maximum body diam.	61.5	62.8 ± 3.1 (55.5–67.5)	56.8 ± 2.0 (53.5–61.5)
Prerectum	116.0	122.9 ± 18.7 (86.5–169.5)	200.3 ± 20.1 (174.0–246.5)
Rectum	49.5	48.6 ± 5.2 (40.0–56.0)	58.6 ± 2.5 (52.5–63.0)
Anal / cloacal body diam.	30.0	31.0 ± 1.6 (26.5–33.0)	33.1 ± 1.6 (30.0–36.0)
Tail length	365.0	361.3 ± 25.8 (324.0–435.0)	23.8 ± 2.0 (21.0–29.0)
Spicules	_	_	64.5 ± 2.5 (60.0–70.5)
No. of ventromedian supplements	_	_	12–15

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0040 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jul 23, 2024

Published on: Oct 23, 2024

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

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© 2024 Abraham Okki Mwamula, Yi Seul Kim, Dong Woon Lee, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Korea, with an updated compendium of the genus

Figures & Tables

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Figure 6:

Main morphometric characters of Paractinolaimus species (updated from Vinciguerra et al_ (2013))_ Measurements in μm, except L in mm_ (* measurements obtained from original drawings)_

Morphometrics of Paractinolaimus uljinensis n_ sp_ from Korea_

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