Prevalence of pest nematodes associated with soybean (Glycine max) in Wisconsin from 1998 to 2021

Biennium	Number of counties sampled	Number of samples	Number of farms sampled^a	% samples positive for cyst nematodes	% farms positive for cyst nematodes^b	Odds Ratio current biennium vs 1998–1999
1998 – 1999	42	659	427	16	16
2010 – 2011	38	379	150	22^*	23^*	1.84^*
2012 – 2013	51	1121	377	22	31^*(p = 0.06)	2.59^***
2014 – 2015	54	1268	413	22	30	2.63^***
2016 – 2017	49	1132	299	26^*	40^**	3.87^***
2018 – 2019	49	1588	334	29^*	43	4.86^***
2020 – 2021	51	1862	320	27	39	3.75^***

a each farm is represented only once and for the first time samples were submitted

b increase in prevalence from the preceding biennium according to Fisher’s Exact Test

* p < 0.05;

** p < 0.01;

*** p < 0.0001.

Table 2.

Prevalence of all pest nematode from 2012 to 2021 at the sample and farm scale.

Pest nematodes^a	samples (6971)	farms (n = 1743)	Odds ratio^c
Pest nematodes^a	% positive	% positive	(p < 0.0001)
Pratylenchus spp.	84	92	21.27
Spiral nematodes	70	78	6.33
Xiphinema spp.	33	46	1.52
Cyst nematodes	26	36	reference
Stunt nematodes	18	28	0.68
Stubby Root nematodes	6	9	0.17
Hoplolaimus spp.	5	7	0.13
Ring nematodes	3	6	0.12
Longidorus spp.	1	2	0.03
Chi Square statistic^b	6,805	26,257
P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

a spiral = Helicotylenchus and Rotylenchus spp.; cyst = Heterodera glycines and Cactodera, Heterodera, and Punctodera spp.,; stunt = Tylenchorrhynchus and Quinisculcius; ring = Criconema, Criconemoides, Mesoscriconema, and Ogma spp.

b Chi Square statistic for the null test of equal prevalence for all nematodes

c Odds ratio of farms testing positive for a particular nematode versus cyst nematodes

Table 3.

Prevalence of pest nematodes in samples shown by the crop sampled.

crop	n	*Pratylenchus*	Spiral	*Xiphinema*	*Hoplolaimus*	stunt	stubby-root	ring	*Longidorus*	cyst
soybean	3309	84	73	31	3	16	5	2	0	29
corn	2188	84	67^*	37^*	6^*	18^*	5	2	1	20^*
wheat	75	89	83	23	5	31^*	5	3	1	27
alfalfa	32	81	69	41	3	44^*	0	6	0	3^*
vegetables	38	76	58	8	0	37^*	8	3	0	21
Chi Square		4	27	37	31	45	3	3	15	64
p		0.48	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001	<0.0001	0.64	0.53	0.03	<0.0001

* Difference (p < 0.001) in prevalence on a particular crop as compared to soybean according to Fisher’s Exact Test is shown for each pest nematode and the Chi Square statistic for the null hypothesis of equal prevalence among crops.

Table 4.

Population densities of Pratylenchus spp. or spiral nematodes and cyst-forming species in the presence (+) and absence (−) of each other in samples collected from soybean fields in Wisconsin from 2012 to 2021.

Comparison	Samples	Nematodes per 100 cm³ soil^a	Kruskal Wallis
Comparison	n	Mean (Maximum)	Chi Square	p
Pratylenchus / − Cyst	2349	121 (4960)
Pratylenchus / + Cyst	960	71 (1508)	90.63	< 0.0001
Cyst / − Pratylenchus	518	1144 (44364)
Cyst / + Pratylenchus	2791	452 (49494)	30.41	< 0.0001

a Mean population densities of the first nematode listed are shown.

Table 5.

Pratylenchus species identified from 100 soil samples submitted to a nematode testing program in Wisconsin.

Species Assignment	Male-Positive Samples (n = 61)		Male - Negative Samples (n = 39)
Species Assignment	No. of Samples	No. of Counties	No. of Samples	No. of Counties
Pratylenchus fallax	3	3	0	0
Pratylenchus dakotaensis	3	3	1	1
Pratylenchus alleni	7	7	0	0
Pratylenchus penetrans	49	35	2	2
Pratylenchus scribneri	0	0	5	5
Pratylenchus crenatus	1	1	19	18

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0053 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Oct 15, 2023

Published on: Mar 30, 2024

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

cyst,

soybean,

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© 2024 A. E. MacGuidwin, D. L. Smith, S. P. Conley, K. A. Saikai, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)

Prevalence of pest nematodes associated with soybean (Glycine max) in Wisconsin from 1998 to 2021

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