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Survival of Heleidomermis magnapapula preparasites in host Culicoides sonorensis larvae (successful live adult nematode emergence) as a function of initial parasite load (number of preparasites seen within each host)_ Only hosts producing some live adult parasites included_
| Initial Load | # Live Adults | # Dead (Missing) |
|---|---|---|
| 2–3 | 82 | 10 |
| 4–5 | 132 | 23 |
| 6–7 | 154 | 34 |
| 8–9 | 72 | 16 |
Size (as estimated by volume, in mm3) categories of emerged Heleidomermis magnapapula used in logistic regression analyses of survival and mating success_
| Sex | Category | Mean mm3 (SE) | Min. | Max. | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 1 | 0.0041 (0.0001) | 0.0025 | 0.0054 | 58 |
| 2 | 0.0078 (0.0002) | 0.0056 | 0.0104 | 87 | |
| 3 | 0.0127 (0.0002) | 0.0106 | 0.0154 | 60 | |
| 4 | 0.0179 (0.0002) | 0.0155 | 0.0202 | 64 | |
| 5 | 0.0240 (0.0005) | 0.0206 | 0.0334 | 37 | |
| Female | 1 | 0.0204 (0.0004) | 0.0121 | 0.0254 | 49 |
| 2 | 0.0376 (0.0006) | 0.0261 | 0.0504 | 151 | |
| 3 | 0.0627 (0.0008) | 0.0506 | 0.0754 | 81 | |
| 4 | 0.0896 (0.0019) | 0.0757 | 0.1110 | 27 |
Results of logistic regression testing the effects of Heleidomermis magnapapula male volume (MVolume), H_ magnapapula female volume FVolume), and number of males per host (Nummale) on fertility (egg hatch) of previously virgin mating pairs_
| Variable | Estimate (SE) | Wald χ2 | P | Stnd Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercpt | −0.833 (0.408) | 4.166 | 0.041 | |
| MVolume | 0.034 (0.010) | 12.112 | 0.0005 | 0.245 |
| FVolume | −0.005 (0.003) | 2.354 | 0.125 | −0.108 |
| Nummale | −0.008 (0.006) | 2.125 | 0.145 | −0.101 |
Time of premature host death (death of host and unemerged parasites) over time as a function of parasite load for Culicoides sonorensis host larvae exposed on day 0 to infective-stage immatures (J2) of Heleidomermis magnapapula_ Parasites counted after dissection of dead host_
| Parasite Load (N) | Time of Death (Days after Parasitism) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | 4–6 | 7–9 | 10+ | Mean (Range) | |
| 0 (5) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10.6 (2–21) |
| 1 (24) | 8 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 8.8 (1–28) |
| 2–3 (27) | 10 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6.4 (1–21) |
| 4–5 (17) | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4.6 (1–16) |
| 6–7 (12) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5.6 (1–15) |
| 8–9 (9) | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.9 (1–8) |
| 10 + (17) | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4.2 (1–13) |