Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Characteristics of soil related factors from three rice agroecosystem fields_
| Soil-related factors | Rain-fed upland rice agroecosystem | Dry aerobic rice agroecosystem | Lowland double-rice cropping sequence agroecosystem | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil texture class | clay loam | clay loam | sandy loam | |
| Texture % | Sand | 20.3 | 23.3 | 62.8 |
| Silt | 37.8 | 42.6 | 26.1 | |
| Clay | 41.9 | 34.1 | 11.1 | |
| pH | 5.00 | 5.15 | 5.20 | |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 0.55 | 0.71 | 1.74 | |
| Hydrolytic nitrogen (mg/kg) | 59.13 | 77.37 | 198.42 | |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.73 | |
| Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 4.54 | 2.30 | 10.70 | |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 9.67 | 12.46 | 14.64 | |
| Available potassium (mg/kg) | 97.23 | 125.48 | 160.28 | |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 10.11 | 14.53 | 32.71 | |