Chemical Profiles of Heterodera glycines Suppressive Soils in Double Cropping Soybean Production

Leonardo F. Rocha; Mary E. Kinsel; Jason P. Bond; Ahmad. M. Fakhoury

doi:10.2478/jofnem-2023-0030

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Chemical Profiles of Heterodera glycines Suppressive Soils in Double Cropping Soybean Production

Journal of Nematology

Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)

By: Leonardo F. Rocha, Mary E. Kinsel, Jason P. Bond and Ahmad. M. Fakhoury

Open Access

|Aug 2023

Figures & Tables

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Towers soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Oakdale soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Nashville soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

Principal component analysis (PCA) based on SVD comparing the chemical profiles of soil samples across time points (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean) and treatments (fallow or wheat) within a location (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers). Analysis was performed using ClustVis (Metsalu and Vilo, 2015).

Table 1.

Comparison of chemical profile in soil samples collected from distinct locations (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers) and samplings (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean). Numbers represent the ratio of a compound in wheat plots compared to fallow ((WT/FL)*100). Gray/white cells highlight higher compound concentrations in wheat or fallow plots under their respective fields and samplings.

No.	Compound	Towers			Oakdale			Nashville
No.	Compound	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy
1	Propylene glycol, 2TMS	67.47	112.52	112.58	144.03	126.04	71.9	0	63.77	84.46
2	Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)	64.31	112.28	123.28	0	80.49	70.98	43.56	75.45	96.67
3	Unknown	76.12	61.94	80.77	106.77	185.18	82.89	180.67	62.42	203.3
4	Tetradecanoic acid, TMS	110.09	69.67	186.51	-	181.16	122.92	-	-	-
5	Pentadecanoic acid, TMS	67.94	104.53	102.96	112.35	161.99	116.54	115.93	91.97	68.56
6	9-Hexadecenoic acid, TMS	144.23	111.39	126.21	247.56	174.87	139.98	325.52	282.77	107.57
7	Hexadecanoic acid, TMS	97.64	93.02	91.35	143.37	122.12	110.23	160.63	123.02	73.03
8	Cyclic octaatomic sulfur	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	Hetaptdecanoic acid, TMS	75.17	107.28	88.7	107.98	136.74	126.6	53.35	104.59	93.8
10	10-Heptadecenoic acid, (Z)-, TMS	74.04	133.24	102.98	124.76	130.28	118.56	136.32	113.68	75.51
11	9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (Z,Z)-, TMS	148.82	106.39	110.56	570.09	89.22	78.11	59.52	-	10.26
12	9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, TMS	100.15	94.28	84.79	443.21	89.95	106.93	49.68	172.53	34.21
13	11-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, TMS	79.83	109.79	103.17	223.7	134.89	138.75	58.25	29.32	12.39
14	Octadecanoic acid, TMS	98.92	78.44	77.55	147.03	110.22	106.14	86.05	86.39	74.22
15	10-Nonadecenoic acid, (Z)-, TMS	83.68	88.28	84.8	104.42	113.8	87.64	128.04	60.36	88.56
16	1-O-Pentadecylglycerol, 2TMS	72.98	108.39	90.66	129.44	134.23	92.56	141.3	33.56	48.12
17	1-Eicosanol, TMS	73.96	111.91	139.71	62.9	92.26	84.43	94.05	64.44	93.15
18	Unknown	95.75	124.82	110.63	87.27	95.56	112.57	113.83	72.35	103.82
19	Unknown	94.11	165.66	116.35	111.91	97.3	115.93	116	63.54	102.59
20	Icosanoic acid, TMS	98.79	128.39	108.26	47.48	76.04	136.91	76.73	94.16	90.82
21	2-Palmitoylglycerol, 2TMS	89.27	157.61	124.42	102.03	202.86	109.46	110.74	59.52	109.05
22	2-Palmitoleoylglycerol, 2TMS	105.35	149.11	104.52	72.17	120.79	142.35	109.14	67.75	77.69
23	Heneicosanoic acid, TMS	136.71	49.95	34.63	68.85	110.48	81.48	39.34	102.57	90.71
24	Docosanol, TMS	84.4	93.93	80.25	62.51	101.95	101.32	115.92	111.6	113.95
25	2-Mono-cis-heptdec-10-enoylglycerol, 2TMS	110.37	161.62	132.2	69.17	176.9	98.22	223.75	106.78	93.99
26	Behenic acid, TMS	92.31	89.1	79.2	54.7	55.35	78.55	105.28	119.97	117.57
27	Tricosanoic acid, TMS	95.15	89.93	73.56	49.2	53.26	77.58	95.38	69.74	106.89
28	Tetraconsanol acid, TMS	98.25	90.4	92.22	51.41	75.01	69.45	118.23	97.42	134.49
29	Lignoceric acid, TMS	98.78	84.4	59.98	37.79	52.1	80.02	93.93	95.9	101.25
30	Pentacosanoic acid, TMS	98.11	145.67	113.9	34.02	63.62	87.25	110.21	83.82	87.33
31	1-Hexacosanol, TMS	99.33	171.67	131.76	84.81	88.93	85.76	281.24	113.22	189.49
32	Tetracosanol, TMS	74.91	104.61	95.97	30.02	104.9	52.49	35.86	94.59	211.39
33	22-Hydroxydocosanoic acid, 2TMS	70.18	101.46	88.67	46.8	99.01	81.98	121.02	93.49	113.94
34	Hexacosanoic acid, TMS	106.56	79.67	74.82	45.11	59.11	69.42	138.89	98.13	149.95
35	Unknown	50.61	103.99	107.68	44.12	76.54	68.81	80.76	111.63	162.1
36	Unknown	117.77	159.57	173.24	75.8	99.34	100.51	76.72	58.22	93.97
37	Cholesterol, TMS	95.23	155.2	243.49	88.52	130.04	105.37	58.28	75.19	99.37
38	1-Octocosanol, TMS	179.08	223.9	133.62	104.99	113.58	95.96	326.9	139.31	235.07
39	24-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid, 2TMS	89.36	42.77	82.24	61.27	67.04	88.76	136	89.6	127.77
40	Unknown	78.66	65.32	96.83	58.68	78.03	100.82	80.88	25.97	90.2
41	Campesterol, TMS	108.82	80.77	116.27	102.73	98.05	76.07	106.11	98.38	111.96
42	Octacosanoic acid, TMS	112.96	131.88	92.38	45.85	73.59	73.42	161.76	130.73	200.57
43	Unknown	107.46	111.39	114.51	50.7	92.01	77.16	64.42	68.6	152.82
44	Stigmasterol, TMS	105.87	104.4	112.88	71.35	77.19	75.24	59.46	69.94	108.47
45	5alpha-Stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol, TMS	98.5	90.94	79.79	50.24	73.88	72.51	104.95	103.38	106.73
46	Unknown	112	317.17	98.08	94.92	96.4	316.59	78.24	74.68	178.13
47	Stigmast-5-ene, 3beta-TMS, (24S)-	108.91	78.49	96.98	78.74	63.32	74.47	119.09	97.77	86.97
48	Stigmastanol, TMS	94.13	99.07	160.9	68.09	68.95	70.67	107.33	65.1	180.53
49	1-Triacontanol, TMS	88	134.47	118.4	37.59	45.67	59.61	137.74	85.9	122.03
50	gamma-Sitostenone	74.83	136.96	116.28	41.02	143.39	102.62	89.31	98.91	64.9
51	Tricontanoate, TMS	122.73	96.25	66.52	39.05	47.58	62.35	100.78	87.35	159.01

Table 2.

Functional group profiles in soil samples collected from distinct locations (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers) and samplings (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean). Numbers represent the ratio of the total relative area of a chemical in wheat plots compared to fallow ((WT/FL)*100). Gray/white cells highlight higher concentrations of a chemical group in wheat or fallow plots under their respective fields and samplings.

Compound	Towers			Oakdale			Nashville
Compound	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy	Pre-soy	Mid-soy	Post-soy
n-fatty acids	93.23	96.39	93.61	124.33	110.72	106.24	89.82	104.37	78.57
saturated fatty alcohol	120.82	122.21	91.15	63.42	85.42	88.94	168.19	111.9	155.62
Sterols	106.29	88.63	110.96	77.96	72.72	75.63	108.38	93.67	100.14
Unknown	97.49	129.97	108.43	74.11	97.97	130.11	82.55	70.61	132.07
n-aldehydes	89.01	132.93	110	43.85	98.61	63.16	90.81	100	204.74
propane-1,2-diols	67.68	112.64	112.63	144.16	125.86	71.64	0	64.04	84.51
Steroid ketones	74.58	136.71	116.67	41.05	143.64	101.59	89.61	98.67	64.85
fatty acid glycerol	102.56	154.02	116.28	80.46	157.78	116.67	133.33	75	92.16
alkylbenzene	63.16	111.11	122.22	0	80.28	70.59	43.66	75	96.7

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0030 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jan 4, 2023

Published on: Aug 29, 2023

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

biochemistry,

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS),

Glycine max,

Heterodera glycines,

host-parasitic relationship,

Related subjects:

© 2023 Leonardo F. Rocha, Mary E. Kinsel, Jason P. Bond, Ahmad. M. Fakhoury, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)

Chemical Profiles of Heterodera glycines Suppressive Soils in Double Cropping Soybean Production

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Table 1.

Table 2.

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