Figure 1:
Photomicrographs of Diplogasteroides sp. (A-C, F, and G) and Parasitorhabditis terebranus (D, E, and H-J). Diplogasteroides sp. A, B: Variation in female anterior body region; C: Female tail; F and G: Variation in male tail and copulatory apparatus shape. Parasitorhabditis terebranus D, E, and H: Variation in female anterior body region; I: Male tail with copulatory apparatus; J: Female tail; (Scale bars: A-J = 10 μm).
Figure 2:
Illustrations of Diplogasteroides sp. (A-H): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Male tail region including copulatory apparatus and the arrangement of genital papillae; D-F: Variation in shape of gubernaculum; G: Female tail region; H: Female anterior region, including the shape of pharynx. Abbreviations: Genital papillae arrangement from ventral side (v + number); lateral/dorsal sides (v3d; ad; pd); phasmid (ph); and deirid (d).
Table 1.
Comparison of morphometries of Diplogasteroides sp. and Parasitorhabditis terebranus from Korea with topotype populations.a
| Character | Diplogasteroides sp. | D. haslacheri | Parasitorhabditis terebranus | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korea (Current study) | Rühm (1956), and Kanzaki et al. (2002) | Korea (Current study) | USA (Massey, 1974) | |||||
| ♀♀ | ♂♂ | ♀♀b | ♂♂ | ♀♀ | ♂♂ | ♀♀ | ♂♂ | |
| N | 20 | 20 | ? | ? | 20 | 20 | ? | ? |
| L | 1061,3±106.9 (855.3-1258.3) | 909.O±82.8 (777.6-1068.1) | 825-1005 | 750-825 | 109δ.4±78.6 (922.4-1244.4) | 1015.8±96.9 (841.0-1195.6) | 770-810 | 750 |
| A | 29.4±2.1 (25.1-32.3) | 29.2±0.8 (27.7-30.5) | 26.1 | 26.2-26.8 | 26.4±2.9 (20.5-30.0) | 26.0±2.2 (21.1-29.4) | 19.7-20.1 | 19.5 |
| B | 6.2±0.5 (5.4-7.5) | 5.8±0.4 (5.2-6.3) | 5.6-6.1 | 5.1-5.2 | 5.5±0.4 (4.6-6.1) | 5.2±0.4 (4.6-6.1) | 4.2-4.3 | 4.1 |
| C | 11.7±0.8 (9.8-13.1) | I4.9±0.9 (13.2-16.2) | 9.4-9.6 | 12.4-15.3 | 27.1±2.2 (22.8-30.2) | 27.4±2.3 (22.1-30.5) | 26.2-27.3 | 27.3 |
| c’ | 4.2±0.3 (3.5-4.7) | 2.5±0.2 (2.2-2.9) | 5.0 | 2.4 | 1.9±0.2 (1.6-2.1) | 1.7±0.1 (1.4-1.9) | - | - |
| V | 51.6±1.1 (50.3-53.2) | - | 50.3-52.3 | - | 93.3±0.5 (91.9-93.9) | - | 93 | - |
| Lip height | - | - | - | - | 3.3±0.1 (3.0-3.6) | 3.1 ±0.2 (2.8-3.5) | - | - |
| Lip diameter | 11.9±0.5 (10.6-12.6) | 11.9±0.6 (11.0-12.6) | - | - | 12.6±0.7 (11.6-14.0) | 12.1 ±0.7 (11.0-13.5) | - | - |
| Stoma | 11.1±0.8 (9.8-12.3) | 11.0±0.7 (9.0-11.8) | - | - | 20.9±1.4 (18.5-23.0) | 20.3±1.1 (18.0-22.0) | 21 | - |
| Anterior to median bulb valve | 98.2±6.3 (87.6-112.7) | 90.4±5.3 (82.4-102.2) | - | - | 107.2±7.4 (95.8-120.2) | 101,4±5.1 (93.3-112.9) | - | - |
| Excretory pore | 1340±8.3 (123.0-155.4) | 126.8±5.7 (114.8-138.0) | - | - | 1540±8.7 (135.0-162.7) | 153.6±8.6 (136.0-164.0) | - | - |
| Pharynx length | 171.4±11.9 (154.1-194.2) | 156.3±8.6 (145.0-170.0) | - | - | 201.0±9.3 (191.3-223.0) | 194.3±8.1 (181.3-208.5) | - | - |
| Maximum body diameter | 36.2±3.5 (29.0-42.1) | 31.7±3.0 (27.4-37.7) | - | - | 41.9±4.7 (36.0-51.5) | 39.1±2.7 (33.3-43.0) | - | - |
| Vulval body diameter | 38.1±3.6 (33.6-43.6) | - | - | - | 35.2±2.9 (30.8-42.6) | - | - | - |
| Vulva to anus length | - | - | - | - | 32.5±2.6 (28.0-38.0) | - | - | - |
| Vulva to tail tip | - | - | - | - | 73.1±3.5 (64.0-77.9) | - | - | - |
| Anal / cloacal body diameter | 21.5±1.4 (19.2-24.8) | 24.2±1.6 (22.0-27.0) | - | - | 21.4±1.5 (18.9-24.5) | 21.8±1.6 (19.8-24.9) | - | - |
| Tail length | 90.5±9.5 (73.0-104.6) | 60.8±4.6 (50.0-69.5) | - | - | 40.6±3.0 (36.0-45.8) | 37.0±2.5 (31.5-41.0) | - | - |
| Spicules | - | 35.5±2.1 (30.0-38.0) | - | 27-30 | - | 36.6±1.7 (33.0-38.6) | - | 34 |
| Gubernaculum | - | 17.9±1.5 (15.7-21.0) | - | 15-17 | - | 16.5±0.6 (15.2-18.0) | - | 17 |
| Tail spike length | - | 19.1 ±2.3 (16.0-23.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Figure 3:
Illustrations of Parasitorhabditis terebranus (A-G): A: Male whole body; B: Female whole body; C: Female anterior region; D and F: Female tail region including variation in vulval lip shape; E: Male tail in right lateral view, with arrangement of bursal rays; G: Male tail in ventral view, with arrangement of bursal rays.
Figure 4:
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from I8S-rRNA sequences of Diplogasteroides spp., Parasitorhabditis spp., and other closely related species from other genera. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold. Outgroup taxon: Rhabditoides inermiformis and Leptolaimus donsi.
Figure 5:
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S-rRNA partial sequences of Diplogasteroides spp., Parasitorhabditis spp., and other closely related species from other genera. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold. Outgroup taxon: Rhabditoides regina.
Figure 6:
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from COI partial sequences of Diplogasteroides spp., Parasitorhabditis spp., and members of closely related genera. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold. Outgroup taxon: Ascaridia columbae.