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Ethyl Butanoate, Constituent of Cassava Wastewater Volatiloma, a Potential Soil Fumigant Against Meloidogyne javanica Cover

Ethyl Butanoate, Constituent of Cassava Wastewater Volatiloma, a Potential Soil Fumigant Against Meloidogyne javanica

Journal of Nematology
Volume 54 (2022): Issue 1 (February 2022)
By: Simone Ribeiro de Souza,  Vicente Paulo Campos,  Letícia Lopes de Paula,  Marcio Pozzobon Pedroso and  Willian César Terra  
Open Access
|Sep 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Percentage of Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2) killed after 24-hr exposure to volatiles emitted by 20 mL of cassava wastewater. The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P = 0.063), then the data were analyzed together (n = 12). ***Significant at the 0.001 probability level according to Student’s t-test when compared to negative control.
Percentage of Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2) killed after 24-hr exposure to volatiles emitted by 20 mL of cassava wastewater. The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P = 0.063), then the data were analyzed together (n = 12). ***Significant at the 0.001 probability level according to Student’s t-test when compared to negative control.

Figure 2

Chromatogram showing the eight compounds identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma. 1. ethanol, 2. propan-2-ol, 3. propan-1-ol, 4. butan-2-ol, 5. butan-1-ol, 6. acetic acid, 7. ethyl butanoate, 8. butyric acid.
Chromatogram showing the eight compounds identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma. 1. ethanol, 2. propan-2-ol, 3. propan-1-ol, 4. butan-2-ol, 5. butan-1-ol, 6. acetic acid, 7. ethyl butanoate, 8. butyric acid.

Figure 3

Dose-response curve of Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2) exposed to compounds with nematicidal activity. M. javanica J2 were exposed for 48 hr at 28°C to different concentrations of ethyl butanoate (A) and butyric acid (B). Dose-response curves were determined using a logistic model. Unfilled circles indicate the raw data collected in each experimental unit. The 95% confidence interval is represented by the shaded region around the curve. The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P > 0.05), then the data were analyzed together.
Dose-response curve of Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2) exposed to compounds with nematicidal activity. M. javanica J2 were exposed for 48 hr at 28°C to different concentrations of ethyl butanoate (A) and butyric acid (B). Dose-response curves were determined using a logistic model. Unfilled circles indicate the raw data collected in each experimental unit. The 95% confidence interval is represented by the shaded region around the curve. The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P > 0.05), then the data were analyzed together.

Figure 4

Boxplot depicting the galls (A) and eggs (B) per gram of tomato root system grown in substrate infested with Meloidogyne javanica in a greenhouse with temperature ranging from 20°C to 28°C. Substrate infested with M. javanica eggs was fumigated with butyric acid or ethyl butanoate at a dose of 0.5 mL ∙ L-1 of substrate. The commercial nematicide Dazomet was used as a positive control and water as a negative control. Boxes followed by the same letter do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability (P < 0.05). The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P = 0.485), then the data were analyzed together. Unfilled circles the observations.
Boxplot depicting the galls (A) and eggs (B) per gram of tomato root system grown in substrate infested with Meloidogyne javanica in a greenhouse with temperature ranging from 20°C to 28°C. Substrate infested with M. javanica eggs was fumigated with butyric acid or ethyl butanoate at a dose of 0.5 mL ∙ L-1 of substrate. The commercial nematicide Dazomet was used as a positive control and water as a negative control. Boxes followed by the same letter do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability (P < 0.05). The interactions between experiments and treatments were not significant (P = 0.485), then the data were analyzed together. Unfilled circles the observations.

Dose-response curve log-logistic equation parameters for Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles exposed to butyric acid and ethyl butanoate_

Model parameter
Compoundsbwcxdxez
Butyric acid–9.74 (0.75)a P < 0.001FixedFixed172.61 (1.15) P < 0.001
Ethyl butanoate–2.65 (0.22) P < 0.001Fixed92 (0.064) P < 0.001301.20 (7.12) P < 0.001

VOCs identified in cassava wastewater by SPME–GC–MS_

CompoundRetention Time (min)ClassesIR. ExpaIR. LitbPeak area (×104)
(1)Ethanol2.07Alcohol––65.5
(2)Propan-2-ol2.19Alcohol––23.5
(3)Propan-1-ol2.43Alcohol–5958.2
(4)Butan-2-ol2.71Alcohol60159853.1
(5)Butan-1-ol3.30Alcohol65766819.4
(6)Acetic acid3.50Carboxylic acid669642236.2
(7)Ethyl butanoate5.96Ester80080246.4
(8)Butyric acid8.91Carboxylic acid8157905,034.2

Concentrations (μg ∙ mL–1) that resulted in 50% of Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles’ (J2) population mortality (LC50)_

CompoundsModel predicted LC50–48 hr(μg ∙ mL–1)a
Butyric acid172.61 (170.34–174.87)
Ethyl butanoate301.20 (257.82–344.58)

RFM of tomato plants cultivated in substrate infested with Meloidogyne javanica eggs and fumigated with butyric acid or ethyl butanoate at a dose of 0_5 mL ∙ L–1 of substrate_

TreatmentsRFM
Ethyl butanoate8.81 ± 1.75 b
Butyric acid7.34 ± 1.43 b
Dazomet11.03 ± 3.71 a
Control (water)7.91 ± 1.85 b
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0031 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Apr 4, 2022
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Published on: Sep 14, 2022
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
nematicidal activity,
organic residues,
volatiles
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2022 Simone Ribeiro de Souza, Vicente Paulo Campos, Letícia Lopes de Paula, Marcio Pozzobon Pedroso, Willian César Terra, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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