Figure 1
Soil sting nematode abundances at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate and crop type including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). In subfigure titles, “no inoculum,” “medium inoculum,” and “high inoculum” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Figure 2
Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) reproductive factor (final divided by initial soil abundances) at the termination of the greenhouse experiment as influenced by crop type – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – within sting nematode inoculation rate. The horizontal line in each pane indicates the reproductive factor is equal to 1, which generally delineates the host status. In subfigure titles, “medium” and “high” indicate medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among crops within inoculation rate and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Table 1
Plant height (cm) of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) under various sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rates in greenhouse experiments.
| Corna | Sunn hemp | ‘Beauregard’ | ‘Covington’ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inoculation ratec | Plant height 30 DAI: Trial 1b | |||
| Non-inoculated | 42.6 | 34.5 b | 41.0 | 26.2 |
| Medium | 32.4 | 50.6 a | 26.0 | 39.0 |
| High | 38.4 | 39.0 b | 35.2 | 36.5 |
| Inoculation rate | Plant height 30 DAI: Trial 2 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 44.9 b | 36.3 | 27.5 | 19.0 |
| Medium | 37.2 a | 32.9 | 27.8 | 23.9 |
| High | 48.1 b | 27.1 | 26.4 | 25.2 |
| Inoculation rate | Plant height 70 DAI: Trial 1 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 39.8 | 57.0 b | 67.1 | 38.5 |
| Medium | 40.5 | 85.5 a | 47.8 | 39.4 |
| High | 40.4 | 56.9 b | 76.1 | 43.0 |
| Inoculation rate | Plant height 68 DAI: Trial 2 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 42.5 | 60.5 | 44.6 | 21.2 |
| Medium | 45.4 | 55.7 | 52.9 | 31.3 |
| High | 46.7 | 49.6 | 60.4 | 31.2 |
[i] aValues are means of five replicates. Letters within a crop, parameter, and run indicate significant differences (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05). Values with no letters are not significantly different (ANOVA, P < 0.05).
bDAI is days after inoculation.
cMedium and high inoculation rates were 26 and 157 sting nematodes per pot, respectively, in Trial 1, and 40 and 240 sting nematodes per pot, respectively, in Trial 2.
DAI, days after inoculation.
Table 2
Leaves per plant for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) at various sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rates in greenhouse experiments.
| Corna | Sunn hemp | ‘Beauregard’ | ‘Covington’ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inoculation ratec | Leaves per plant 30 DAI: Trial 1b | |||
| Non-inoculated | 5 | 13 | 7 b | 5 |
| Medium | 7 | 13 | 8 ab | 6 |
| High | 5 | 11 | 9 a | 6 |
| Inoculation rate | Leaves per plant 30 DAI: Trial 2 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 6 b | 13 | 9 | 6 |
| Medium | 7 a | 12 | 9 | 8 |
| High | 6 b | 12 | 10 | 7 |
| Inoculation rate | Leaves per plant 70 DAI: Trial 1 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 11 | 18 | 10 | 10 |
| Medium | 10 | 23 | 10 | 9 |
| High | 10 | 16 | 13 | 9 |
| Inoculation rate | Leaves per plant 68 DAI: Trial 2 | |||
| Non-inoculated | 9 | 21 | 11 | 6 |
| Medium | 9 | 19 | 11 | 9 |
| High | 10 | 19 | 14 | 9 |
[i] aValues are means of five replicates. Letters within a crop, parameter, and run indicate significant differences (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05). Values with no letters are not significantly different (ANOVA, P < 0.05).
bDAI is days after inoculation.
cMedium and high inoculation rates were 26 and 157 sting nematodes per pot, respectively, in Trial 1, and 40 and 240 sting nematodes per pot, respectively, in Trial 2.
DAI, days after inoculation.
Figure 3
Final shoot weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.
Figure 4
Final root weight at the termination of the greenhouse experiment for different crops – including sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars, corn (Zea mays, L.), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) – as influenced by sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958) inoculation rate. “0,” “M,” and “H” indicate non-inoculated, medium (26 and 40 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), and high rates of sting nematode inoculation (157 and 240 sting nematodes per pot in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Letters indicate significant (Fisher’s protected LSD, P < 0.05) differences among inoculation rates within crop and trial. Values are means (N = 5) and standard errors.