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Bioimpedance as an alternative tool for subjective, visual scoring of a prevalent ham quality defect Cover

Bioimpedance as an alternative tool for subjective, visual scoring of a prevalent ham quality defect

Open Access
|Jun 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The two different muscles, for which bioimpedance, ultimate meat pH and CIELAB color values were measured. AD: adductor muscle, SM: semimembranosus muscle.
The two different muscles, for which bioimpedance, ultimate meat pH and CIELAB color values were measured. AD: adductor muscle, SM: semimembranosus muscle.

Fig. 2.

Visual DES defect scoring results of the two observers for N = 111 pork ham samples. A) the average visual scores for the two observers (note the 0.5 steps instead of integers). B, C) The distribution of the visual DES scores for the two observers separately. Both the average and individual score data sets show a sufficiently heterogeneous distribution, with all DES ranks being represented by a larger number of individuals and no heavily skewed distribution.
Visual DES defect scoring results of the two observers for N = 111 pork ham samples. A) the average visual scores for the two observers (note the 0.5 steps instead of integers). B, C) The distribution of the visual DES scores for the two observers separately. Both the average and individual score data sets show a sufficiently heterogeneous distribution, with all DES ranks being represented by a larger number of individuals and no heavily skewed distribution.

Fig. 3.

Bioimpedance response (Py parameter) distribution for two ham muscles, which were also included with the more global visual DES evaluation. A) Py parameter distribution for the AD muscle location. B) Py parameter distribution for the central SM location. C) Correlation plot of Py values scores for SM and AD testing indicating a strong correlation (r = 0.8).
Bioimpedance response (Py parameter) distribution for two ham muscles, which were also included with the more global visual DES evaluation. A) Py parameter distribution for the AD muscle location. B) Py parameter distribution for the central SM location. C) Correlation plot of Py values scores for SM and AD testing indicating a strong correlation (r = 0.8).

Fig. 4.

Correlation coefficients between visual destructured (DES) score and bioimpedance (BI) measurements, pHu, and CIELAB for the AD muscle. All shown correlations were found to be significant at (P < 0.05), except Py vs L* with P = 0.39.
Correlation coefficients between visual destructured (DES) score and bioimpedance (BI) measurements, pHu, and CIELAB for the AD muscle. All shown correlations were found to be significant at (P < 0.05), except Py vs L* with P = 0.39.

Estimated coefficients of the model statistics with P values_

EstimateSEtSTATP - Value
(Intercept)−82.02274.573−1.09990.274
pHu17.34313.1211.32170.189
L*2.33231.56711.48830.139
a*0.853570.385342.21510.029
b*0.211350.0893932.36430.02
Py−0.833910.27336−3.05060.003
pHu x L*−0.540060.2669−2.02350.045
pHu x Py0.116510.0457192.54840.012
L* x Py0.00339770.00113992.98070.003
L*20.00542310.00295211.8370.069
a*2−0.0351110.013828−2.53920.012

The four-rank visual DES scoring scheme for destructured ham cuts, including the semimembranosus and adductor muscle_ Scoring was based on evaluating structural disintegration and visual color (adapted from [19, 24])_

Score
Visual colourReddish (> 3)From pale to reddish (1 - 3)Very pale (1 - 2)
Muscle structure defectCompact fibre structure

Absence of fibrillar structure in the affected area

Destructured meat

Absence of fibrillar structure in the affected area

Soft and doughy, destructured meat Fluid exudate

Area affectedNoneSmall areas on the surface with single patches of destructured zonesMore than 50% of both muscle areas Lesions beneath the surface
ObservationsNo visible defectsSmall, pale areas on the surfaceLesion less than approx. 2cm in depthLesion more than approx. 2cm in depth
Language: English
Page range: 75 - 84
Submitted on: Nov 16, 2023
Published on: Jun 28, 2024
Published by: University of Oslo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2024 Sisay Mebre Abie, Paweł Suliga, Bjørg Egelandsdal, Daniel Münch, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.