Estimation of body composition and water data depends on the bioelectrical impedance device

	BMI<18.5	18.5≤BMI<25	25≤BMI<30	BMI≥30	PD	HD
n	40	120	118	108	30	93
Women (%)	32	62	59	52	11	42
	(80)	(51)	(50)	(48)	(37)	(45)
Age (years)	26±4.2^a	29±3.9^a	29±4.6^a	30±5^a	52±19^b	47±13^c
	(20 to 38)	(20 to 40)	(20 to 40)	(20 to 40)	(15 to 81)	(20 to 76)
Weight (kg)	48±4.9^a	64±9.4^b	79±9.8^c	98±12^d	68±13^be	72±17^e
	(39 to 60)	(45 to 87)	(59 to 109)	(71 to 124)	(38 to 93)	(42 to 137)
BMI (kg/m²)	18±0.7^a	22±1.8^b	27±1.4^c	34±2.7^d	24±3.4^e	26±5^e
	(15 to 18)	(19 to 25)	(25 to 30)	(30 to 40)	(16 to 32)	(17 to 44)
OH (L)	-0.1±0.4^a	-0.3±0.7^a	-0.5±0.9^ab	-0.8±0.9^b	2.1±2.2^c	-0.9±1.9^b
	(-1.2 to 0.9)	(-1.9 to 1.5)	(-3.1 to 2.1)	(-3 to 1.8)	(-0.7 to 6.2)	(-5 to 6.0)
OH>1.1 L (%)	0	0	4	3	17	10
	(0)	(0)	(3)	(3)	(57)	(11)
OH<-1.1 L (%)	0	14	29	42	0	49
	(0)	(12)	(25)	(39)	(0)	(53)
FFM (kg)	34±6.3^a	43±11^b	45±13^b	46±13^b	34±6.6^a	38±9.7^a
	(26 to 51)	(26 to 70)	(27 to 76)	(25 to 76)	(24 to 56)	(20 to 60)
FFMI (kg/m²)	12±1.5^a	15±2.8^b	15±3.1^b	15±3.1^b	12±1.8^a	14±2.6^a
	(10 to 16)	(9 to 22)	(10 to 23)	(9 to 23)	(8 to 16)	(8 to 20)
FM (kg)	14±4^a	21±7.1^b	34±9.3^c	52±12^d	30±12^c	34±16^c
	(4 to 21)	(3 to 37)	(11 to 57)	(24 to 83)	(9 to 56)	(2 to 99)
FMI (kg/m²)	5±1.5^a	7±2.7^b	12±3.5^c	18±4.6^d	11±4.2^c	12±5.6^c
	(1 to 8)	(1 to 13)	(4 to 19)	(8 to 29)	(4 to 19)	(1 to 29)
PA (^ₒ)	5.8±0.5^a	6.6±0.8^b	6.8±0.8^b	6.8±0.8^b	4.7±1.1^c	6.1±1.2^a
	(4.8 to 7)	(4.8 to 8.2)	(5.3 to 9)	(5 to 8.9)	(2.8 to 7.1)	(3 to 9.1)
Impairment Nutritional status (%)¹	4	7	4	2	23	33
	(10)	(6)	(3)	(2)	(76)	(36)
DM (%)	0	0	0	0	10	61
	(0)	(0)	(0)	(0)	(33)	(66)
SAH (%)	0	0	0	0	19	61
	(0)	(0)	(0)	(0)	(63)	(66)
Residual Diuresis (ml)²					937±680***	170±330***
					(50 to 2000)	(0 to 2000)
Kt/V¹					2.6±0.9^***	1.5±0.3^***
					(1.4 to 4.5)	(1 to 2.5)
Duration of dialytic treatment					33±32^***	63±48^***
(months)²					(3 to 144)	(5 to 264)
Dialytic treatment >12 months (%)					21	82
					(70)	(88)

[i] BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; FFM, fat free mass; FFMI, fat free mass index; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat mass index; HD, hemodialysis; OH, overhydration; PA, phase angle; PD, peritoneal dialysis; SAH, Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Data presented as mean ± SD (minimum value to maximum value) or in %. Values with different letters in the same line between BMI subgroups, PD and HD groups are significantly different, p<0.05 (ANOVA). ¹According to the obtained PA and the cut-off points proposed by Kuchnia and collaborators [24]. ²Data analyzed with unpaired t test, PD vs HD, ***p<0.001. FFM, FFMI, FM, FMI, OH and PA data from multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy.

Table 2

Statistics of BIS vs SFBIA data in non-CKD BMI stratified subgroup

Underweight subjects (n=40)
						Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data analysed	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95%CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
R (ohm)	848±74	596±103	-0.02	-0.12	252+134 (35.5+18.9)	209 to 294 (29 to 42)	-10	513
Xc (ohm)	86±9.3	63±9.5	-0.03	-0.12	23+14 (31.1+18.1)	19 to 28 (25 to 37)	-4.6	51
PA (^ₒ)	5.8±0.5	6.1±0.6	0.12	0.09	-0.3+0.8 (-4.8+12.6)	-0.5 to -0.05 (-8.9 to -0.7)	-1.8	1.2
TBW (L)	27±3.9	30±4.1	0.38**	0.47**	-3.4+4.1 (-11.7+14.3)	-4.7 to -2 (-16 to -7.1)	-11	4.7
ECW (L)	11±1.4	14±2.2	0.20*	0.47**	-2.9+2 (-22.8+14.8)	-3.6 to -2.3 (-28 to -18)	-6.8	0.9
ICW (L)	16±2.6	16±1.9	0.45**	0.44**	-0.4+2.5 (-3.1+14.8)	-1.2 to 0.4 (-7.9 to 1.7)	-5.2	4.4
FFM (kg)	34±6.3	43±4.8	0.26*	0.59**	-9.1+5.1 (-24.4+13.9)	-11 to -7.5 (-29 to -20)	-19	1
FM (kg)	14±4	5±4.4	0.07*	0.27*	8.8+5.1 (81+202.4)	7.2 to 10 (15 to 147)	-1.1	19
Normal weight subjects (n=120)
						Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data analysed	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95%CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
R (ohm)	718±99	621±97	-0.02	-0.05	97+141 (14.6+20.6)	71 to 122 (11 to 18)	-180	374
Xc (ohm)	82±9.6	63±8.9	0.04	0.13	19+12 (25.8+16.9)	16 to 21 (23 to 29)	-5.3	43
PA (^ₒ)	6.6±0.8	5.9±0.5	0.10	0.17	0.7+0.9 (11.1+14.1)	0.5 to 0.9 (8.6 to 14)	-1	2.5
TBW (L)	35±7.3	32±4.4	0.51**	0.62**	2.1+5.7 (4.9+16.7)	1.0 to 3.1 (1.8 to 7.9)	-9.1	13
ECW (L)	14±2.6	16±2.4	0.58**	0.66**	-1.3+2.1 (-9.4+14.3)	-1.7 to -0.9 (-12 to -6.8)	-5.4	2.7
ICW (L)	20±4.8	17±2	0.27*	0.56**	3.4+4 (16.2+19.4)	2.7 to 4.1 (13 to 20)	-4.4	11
FFM (kg)	43±11	47±5.6	0.52**	0.71***	-3.6+8.5 (-10.9+20)	-5.2 to -2.1 (-15 to -7.2)	-20	13
FM (kg)	21±7.1	18±6.5	0.21*	0.25*	3.6+8.3 (18.8+50.4)	2.1 to 5.1 (9.8 to 28)	-13	20
Overweight subjects (n=118)
						Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data analysed	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95%CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
R (ohm)	650±78	547±102	0.01	0.02	102±128 (18±22)	79 to 126 (14 to 22)	-148	352
Xc (ohm)	77±9	62±8.3	0.01	-0.02	15±12 (21±18)	12 to 17 (18 to 24)	-9.6	39
PA (^ₒ)	6.8±0.8	6.6±0.9	0.01	0.01	0.2±1.2 (3±18)	-0.03 to 0.4 (-0.4 to 6.3)	-2.2	2.6
TBW (L)	38±7.7	37±6	0.52**	0.52**	0.8±6.8 (1.4±18)	-0.4 to 2.1 (-1.8 to 4.7)	-13	14
ECW (L)	16±2.8	17±2.8	0.65**	0.70***	-0.9±2.2 (-6.1±13)	-1.4 to -0.6 (-8.4 to -3.7)	-5.2	3.3
ICW (L)	22±5.1	20±3.5	0.30**	0.34**	1.8±5.1 (7.4±23)	0.9 to 2.8 (3.1 to 12)	-8.1	12
FFM (kg)	45±13	55±8.9	0.31**	0.46**	-9.5±12 (-21±24)	-12 to -7.4 (-26 to -17)	-32	13
FM (kg)	34±9.2	24±5.7	-0.07*	-0.13*	9.6±11 (31±41)	7.5 to 12 (24 to 39)	-13	32
Obese subjects (n=108)
						Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data analysed	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95% CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
R (ohm)	596±77	482±53	0.07	0.19	114±85 (20.8+14.8)	98 to 130 (17.9 to 23.6)	-52	280
Xc (ohm)	71±9.3	61±6.9	-0.01	-0.01	9.8±12 (14.5+17.4)	8 to 12 (11.2 to 17.9)	-13	33
PA (^ₒ)	6.8±0.8	7.2±0.6	0.01	-0.05	-0.4±1 (-5.7+15.3)	-0.6 to -0.2 (-8.7 to -2.8)	-2.5	1.7
TBW (L)	42±8.2	42±5.4	0.70***	0.77***	-0.6±5.4 (-2.4+12.5)	-1.6 to 0.4 (-4.8 to 0.01)	-11	9.9
ECW (L)	18±3.1	19±2.9	0.79***	0.82***	-0.8±1.9 (-4.5+9.7)	-1.2 to -0.4 (-6.4 to -2.7)	-4.4	2.8
ICW (L)	24±5.3	23±2.4	0.53**	0.69**	0.2±4 (-0.9+16.6)	-0.5 to 1 (-4.1 to 2.3)	-7.6	8.1
FFM (kg)	46±12.9	64±8.1	0.26*	0.71***	-18±9.2 (-36.4+20.5)	-20 to -16 (-40.3 to -32.5)	-36	-0.5
FM (kg)	52±11.5	33±6.7	0.16*	0.61**	19±9.1 (43.3+18.7)	17.2 to 20.7 (39.7 to 46.9)	1	37

[i] BIS, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BMI, body mass index; ECW, extracellular water; FFM, fat free mass; FM, fat mass; ICC, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; ICW, intracellular water; PA, phase angle; r, Pearson correlation coefficient; R, resistance; SFBIA, single-frequency bioelectrical impedance; TBW, total body water; Xc, reactance. Data presented as mean ± SD or minimum to maximum value. ICC, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 BIS vs SFBIA. r, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 BIS vs SFBIA. ^aMean error between BIS and SFBIA: BIS – SFBIA. ^bMean percentage error between BIS and SFBIA: Bias/[(BIS + SFBIA)/2] X 100. ^c95%CI of difference between BIS and SFBIA: BIS – SFBIA. ^d95%CI of difference between BIS and SFBIA (%): Bias/[(BIS + SFBIA)/2] X 100. 95%CI that include zero are unbiased.

Table 3

Statistics of BIS vs SFBIA data in CKD subjects (PD and HD subgroups)

PD subgroup (n=30)
						Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data analysed	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95%CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
R (ohm)	533±83	532±83	0.03	0.04	1±115 (0.2±21)	42 to 44 (7.5 to 8)	-224	226
Xc (ohm)	44±15	48±14	-0.16	-0.2	-4±22 (-9±47)	-12 to 4.4 (-27 to 8.4)	-48	40
PA (^ₒ) TBW (L)	4.7±1.1 34±5.4	5.1±1 38±6.4	-0.23 0.59**	-0.2 0.75***	-0.5±1.6 (-10±34) -4.2±4.2 (-11±11)	-1.1 to 0.15 (-23 to 2.7) -5.7 to -2.6 (-16 to -7.4)	-3.7 -12	2.7 4.1
ECW (L)	17±3.3	19±3.2	0.47**	0.52**	-1.4±3.2 (-8.3±19)	-2.6 to -0.2 (-15 to -1.4)	-7.7	4.9
ICW (L)	17±2.7	20±3.9	0.40**	0.58**	-2.8±3.2 (-14±16)	-3.9 to -1.6 (-20 to -1.2)	-9	3.4
FFM (kg)	34±6.6	49±8.9	0.50**	0.79***	-15±8.3 (-36±17)	-18 to -12 (-43 to -30)	-31	1.3
FM (kg)	31±12	19±12	0.14*	0.44**	11±7.7 (95±257)	7.7 to 13 (1.0 to 191)	-4.5	26
HD subgroup (n=93)
					Bland-Altman
							95% limits of agreement
Data	BIS	SFBIA	ICC	r	Bias^a (%)^b	95%CI Bias^c (%)^d	Lower	Upper
analysed
R (ohm)	730±128	606±103	-0.03	-0.05	124±168 (18±25)	90 to 159 (13 to 23)	-206	454
Xc (ohm)	78±22	68±17	0.18*	0.16	10±25 (13±38)	5.2 to 16 (5.3 to 21)	-40	60
PA (^ₒ)	6.1±1.2	6.4±1.3	0.05	0.07	-0.3±1.7 (-5.3±29)	-0.7 to 0.1 (-11 to 0.6)	-3.7	3
TBW (L)	33±6.9	36±5.7	0.64**	0.71***	-2.6±5 (-8.5±14)	-3.7 to -1.6 (-11 to -5.6)	-12	7.1
ECW (L)	14±3.2	17±3.1	0.38**	0.51**	-2.6±3.1 (-18±19)	-3.3 to -2 (-21 to -14)	-8.8	3.5
ICW (L)	19±4.2	19±3.7	0.68**	0.68**	-0.01±3.2 (-0.7±17)	-0.7 to 0.6 (-4.1 to 2.8)	-6.3	6.2
FFM (kg)	38±9.7	49±7.9	0.65**	0.85***	-11±8.2 (-27±20)	-13 to -9.3 (-31 to -23)	-27	5.1
FM (kg)	34±16	23±13	0.32**	0.58**	11±8.2 (45±44)	9.5 to 13 (36 to 54)	-5	27

[i] BIS, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECW, extracellular water; FFM, fat free mass; FM, fat mass; HD, hemodialysis; ICC, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; ICW, intracellular water; PA, phase angle; PD, peritoneal dialysis; r, Pearson correlation coefficient; R, resistance; SFBIA, single-frequency bioelectrical impedance; TBW, total body water; Xc, reactance. Data presented as mean ± SD or minimum to maximum value. ICC, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 BIS vs SFBIA. r, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 BIS vs SFBIA. ^aMean error between BIS and SFBIA: BIS – SFBIA. ^bMean percentage error between BIS and SFBIA: Bias/[(BIS + SFBIA)/2] X 100. ^c95%CI of difference between BIS and SFBIA: BIS – SFBIA. ^d95%CI of difference between BIS and SFBIA (%): Bias/[(BIS + SFBIA)/2] X 100. 95%CI that include zero are unbiased.

Regression analyze between BIS and SFBIA bias (BIS-SFBIA) with BMI. Data analyzed only for BMI subgroups. BIS, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BMI, body mass index; ECW, extracellular water; FFM, fat free mass; FM, fat mass; ICW, intracellular water; PA, phase angle; R, resistance; SFBIA, single-frequency bioelectrical impedance; TBW, total body water; Xc, reactance. (a) R; (b) Xc; (c) PA; (d) TBW; (e) ICW; (f) ECW; (g) FFM; (h) FM. Circle: underweight; Square: normal weight; Trapezium: overweight; Triangle: obese.

Regression analyze between BIS and SFBIA bias (BIS-SFBIA) with OH. Data analyzed only for CKD groups. BIS, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECW, extracellular water; FFM, fat free mass; FM, fat mass; ICW, intracellular water; PA, phase angle; R, resistance; SFBIA, single-frequency bioelectrical impedance; TBW, total body water; OH, overhydration state; Xc, reactance. (a) R; (b) Xc; (c) PA; (d) TBW; (e) ICW; (f) ECW; (g) FFM; (h) FM.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2018-0014 | Journal eISSN: 1891-5469

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Language: English

Page range: 96 - 105

Submitted on: Sep 10, 2018

Published on: Dec 31, 2018

Published by: University of Oslo

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Bioelectrical impedance,

obesity,

Related subjects:

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering,

Biomedical electronics,

Life sciences,

Biophysics,

Medicine,

Biomedical engineering,

Physics,

Spectroscopy and metrology

© 2018 Natália T. Bellafronte, Marina R. Batistuti, Nathália Z. dos Santos, Héric Holland, Elen A. Romão, Paula G. Chiarello, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 9 (2018): Issue 1 (January 2018)

Estimation of body composition and water data depends on the bioelectrical impedance device

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