Relevant Problems of the Correlation Between the Concept and Content of the Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion

Melnykova, Dariia

doi:10.2478/jles-2021-0004

Abstract

The right to freedom of conscience and religion is a fundamental natural right, which is enshrined in international legal acts and acts of national legislation. At the same time, the different regulation of the mentioned right in distinct acts attracts attention. Variations include the “right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion”, “the right to freedom of conscience and confession” etc. This article analyzes all cases of terminological regulation of the right to freedom of conscience and religion. The content of each of the categories is analyzed, due to which the concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is defined and a clear distinction is made between each of the categories. Along with this, the interaction of the content and the concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is established. Based on the research conducted within the article, the most successful concept for expressing the content of the right to freedom of conscience and religion is determined. The article also analyzes the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights on the vision of the content and concept of the right to freedom of conscience and religion.

References

1. Abasidze, A.H. (2012). Regional systems for the protection of human rights. Moscow: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Abasidze, A.H. (2013). Universal mechanisms for the protection of human rights. Moscow: Unity – dana.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. African Union, (1981). African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Retrieved from https://www.achpr.org/legalinstruments/detail?id=49 Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Bed, V.V. (2011). International - legal consolidation of freedom of conscience. Journal of Kyiv University of Law, 1, 349 – 353.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Bulavina, M.A. (2019). Freedom of conscience and freedom of religion: constitutional and legal aspect. Bulletin of the Institute of World Civilizations, 3, 104 – 108.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Centre for Civil and Political Rights, (1993). General Comment №22: Article 18 (Freedom of Thought, Conscience or Religion). Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fb22.html. Accessed on 10 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Council of Europe, (1950). Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Retrieved from https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Council of Europe, (1995). Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Council of Europe, (2015). Handbook on the application of Article 9. Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Retrieved from https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art_9_UKR.pdf Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Dakhova, I.I. (2016). The content of the right to freedom of conscience and religion. Forum of law, 4, 107 – 112.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Declaration on Religious Freedom Dignitatis Humanae. Retrieved from https://cathmos.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/dokumenty_vtorogo_vatikanskogo_sobora.pdf. Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. European Court of Human Rights, (1993). Kokkinakis v. Greece. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{“itemid”:[“001-57827”]} Accessed on 24 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. European Court of Human Rights, (1999). Buskarini and Others v. San Marino. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{“languageisocode”:[“ENG”],”appno”:[“24645/94”],”documentcollectionid2”:[“GRANDCHAMBER”],”itemid”:[“001-58915”]} Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. European Court of Human Rights, (2007). Ivanova v. Bulgaria. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{“languageisocode”:[“ENG”],”appno”:[“52435/99”],”documentcollectionid2”:[“CHAMBER”],”itemid”:[“001-80075”]} Accessed on 21 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. European Court of Human Rights, (2008). Alexandridis v. Greece. Retrieved from https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press#{“itemid”:[“003-2274253-2426441”]} Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1975). Retrieved from: https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/c/39501.pdf Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Koroleva, L.A. (2011). Freedom of conscience and religion: on the question of terms. Historical, philosophical, political, and legal sciences, cultural studies, and art history. Questions of theory and practice, 5, 106 – 108.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner, (2011). Rapporteur’s Digest on Freedom of Religion or Belief. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Religion/RapporteursDigestFreedomReligionBelief.pdf Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Organization of American States, (1969). American Convention on Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights.pdf Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Proskurnina, A.S. (2012). Freedom of conscience and religion in Russia. Ural: State educational institution of higher professional education “Ural State Law Academy”.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. UN, (1945). Charter of the United Nations. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/ Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. UN, (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. UN, (1970). Declaration on Principles of International Law Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the UN General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXU). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/3dda1f104.pdf. Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. UN, (1981). Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ReligionOrBelief.aspx Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. UN, (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. UN, (1992). Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/minorities.aspx Accessed on 28 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. UN, (1993). Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. UN, (2000). United Nations Millennium Declaration. (2000). Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Millennium.aspx. Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, (1996). Constitution of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254к/96-вр Accessed on 20 January 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Relevant Problems of the Correlation Between the Concept and Content of the Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion

Abstract

Paradigm

My account