References
- C. Waldschmidt, J. Hasch, and W. Menzel, “Automotive radar – From first efforts to future systems,” IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 135–148, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2020.3033616
- V. Issakov, Microwave circuits for 24 GHz automotive radar in silicon-based technologies. Springer Science & Business Media, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13598-9
- T. Arai, T. Usugi, T. Murakami, S. Kishimoto, Y. Utagawa, M. Kohtani, I. Ando, K. Matsunaga, C. Arai, and S. Yamaura, “A 77-GHz 8RX3TX transceiver for 250-m long-range automotive radar in 40-nm CMOS technology,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1332–1344, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3050306
- J. Hasch, E. Topak, R. Schnabel, T. Zwick, R. Weigel, and C. Waldschmidt, “Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 845–860, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2178427
- M. Schneider, “Automotive radar-status and trends,” in German Microwave Conference, 2005, pp. 144–147.
- K. Ohguchi, M. Shono, and M. Kishida, “79 GHz band ultra-wideband automotive radar,” Fujitsu Ten Tech. J., vol. 39, pp. 9–14, 2013.
- N. Kathuria and B. C. Seet, “24 GHz flexible antenna for Doppler radar-based human vital signs monitoring,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 3737, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113737
- S. Park, S. Kim, D. K. Kim, J. Choi, and K. Y. Jung, “Numerical study on the feasibility of a 24 GHz ISM-band Doppler radar antenna for near-field sensing of human respiration in electromagnetic aspects,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 18, p. 6159, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186159
- Y. S. Won, C. H. Kim, and S. G. Lee, “Range resolution improvement of a 24 GHz ISM band pulse radar—A feasibility study,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 7142–7149, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2469154
- F. Alimenti, V. Palazzi, C. Mariotti, M. Virili, G. Orecchini, S. Bonafoni, L. Roselli, and P. Mezzanotte, “A 24-GHz front-end integrated on a multilayer cellulose-based substrate for Doppler radar sensors,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 2090, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092090
- H. L. Lee, W. G. Lim, K. S. Oh, and J. W. Yu, “24 GHz balanced Doppler radar front-end with Tx leakage canceller for antenna impedance variation and mutual coupling,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4497–4504, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2165486
- S. Kim, D. K. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Choi, and K. Y. Jung, “A 24 GHz ISM-band Doppler radar antenna with high isolation characteristics for moving target sensing applications,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1532–1536, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2922008
- L. C. Chang, Y. H. Lin, S. Y. Chen, H. T. Chou, and H. Wang, “A duplexing hybrid slot antenna design with high isolation for short-range radar detection and identification applications at 24 GHz band,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 2468–2479, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3118713
- S. Hamdan, E. K. Hamad, H. A. Mohamed, and S. A. Khaleel, “High-performance MTM inspired two-port MIMO antenna structure for 5G/IoT applications,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 214–223, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2024-0026
- J. Hasch, E. Topak, R. Schnabel, T. Zwick, R. Weigel, and C. Waldschmidt, “Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 845–860, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2178427
- L. Daniel and M. Gashinova, “Sub-THz radar imagery for automotive application,” in 2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD), 2022, pp. 261–264. DOI: 10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9924931
- E. Hyun, Y. S. Jin, and J. H. Lee, “Design and Implementation of 24 GHz Multichannel FMCW Surveillance Radar with a Software‐Reconfigurable Baseband,” Journal of Sensors, vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 3148237, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3148237
- M. A. Almasi, H. Mehrpouyan, V. Vakilian, N. Behdad, and H. Jafarkhani, “A new reconfigurable antenna MIMO architecture for mmWave communication,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2018, pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2018.8422414
- P. Sharma, R. N. Tiwari, P. Singh, P. Kumar, and B. K. Kanaujia, “MIMO antennas: Design approaches, techniques and applications,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 20, p. 7813, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207813
- M. Shaban, “Design and Modeling of a Reconfigurable Multiple Input, Multiple Output Antenna for 24 GHz Radar Sensors,” Modelling, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 2, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6010002
- G. Gennarelli, C. Noviello, G. Ludeno, G. Esposito, F. Soldovieri, and I. Catapano, “24 GHz FMCW MIMO radar for marine target localization: A feasibility study,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 68240–68256, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186052
- J. Qian, H. Zhu, M. Tang, and J. Mao, “A 24 GHz microstrip comb array antenna with high sidelobe suppression for radar sensor,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1220–1224, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3075887
- K. Zhi, C. Pan, H. Ren, and K. Wang, “Power scaling law analysis and phase shift optimization of RIS-aided massive MIMO systems with statistical CSI,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 3558–3574, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3162580
- C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
- S. J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic waves and antennas. Rutgers University, 2002.
- R. Strohman, Z. Fritts, G. Chensue et al., “Characterization and Modeling of Varactor Diodes for Parametric Circuits,” TechRxiv, Oct. 07, 2024. DOI: 10.36227/techrxiv.172833691.19029304/v1.
- W. Yang, Y. Yang, W. Che, L. Gu, and X. Li, “A novel 24-GHz series-fed patch antenna array for radar system,” in 2016 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM), 2016, pp. 1–4. DOI: 10.1109/iWEM.2016.7505065
- A. Sharma, S. Das, B. K. Kanaujia, D. Gangwar, S. Kumar, S. P. Singh, and A. L. Elsherbeni, “In-band RCS reduction and isolation enhancement of a 24 GHz radar antenna using metamaterial absorber for sensing and automotive radar applications,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 21, pp. 13086–13093, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3002337
- M. Sharma, A. K. Gautam, N. Agrawal, and N. Singh, “Design of MIMO planar antenna at 24 GHz band for radar, communication and sensors applications,” AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 136, p. 153747, 2021.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153747
- A. Mukherjee and D. Sarkar, “Interleaved MIMO Radar for Marine Target Tracking Application,” in 2024 4th URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC), 2024, pp. 1–4. DOI: 10.46620/URSIATRASC24/AEEG8350